CRRN Exam Review 298 Questions with Verified Answers
First Rehab Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1920
First Vocational Rehab Act - CORRECT ANSWER
... [Show More] 1943
Independent Living Movement - CORRECT ANSWER 1967
Initial Medicare Legislation - CORRECT ANSWER 1962
Social Security Act defines rehab - CORRECT ANSWER 1935
Workers' Compensation Law - CORRECT ANSWER 1965
Medicare Legislation drives demand for rehab nurses - CORRECT ANSWER 1966
Education of all Handicapped Persons Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1975
Balanced Budget Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1997
Americans With Disabilities Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1990
Rehab Act establishes standards for Individualized treatment plans - CORRECT ANSWER 1973
Architectural Barriers Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1968
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWER 1983
Association of Rehab Nurses established (ARN) - CORRECT ANSWER 1974
King nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Open Systems Model
Neuman nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Health Care Systems Model
Orem nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Self-care Deficit Theory
Roy nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Adaptation Model
Rogers nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Science of Unitary Human Beings Theory
Hall nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Aspects of Nursing: Care, Core, Cure
Margaret Newman nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER Community & Family-centered
Educator - CORRECT ANSWER This is one of the primary roles the nurse has in a rehab setting. One of the basic principles is that every nursing encounter is a potential teaching opportunity
Caregiver - CORRECT ANSWER Nurses provide care that is consistent, thorough, and supportive of the patients' and caregivers' efforts to learn their own care
Advocate - CORRECT ANSWER In order to do this well, the nurse must know the patients' wishes and desires well enough to be an effective and true representative
Collaborator - CORRECT ANSWER Effective and efficient care results from the efforts of all team members working together to be creative, problem solve, and promote functional gains in each patient
Coordinator - CORRECT ANSWER The rehab nurse has responsibility for the patient around the clock. Practicing skills repeatedly throughout the day, in a coordinated and consistent manner, will help patients acquire effective problem-solving skills and become experts in their own care
Counselor - CORRECT ANSWER Together, the team facilitates positive coping and assists patients and families to plan, practice, and problem-solve issues related to the challenge of community reintegration
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER Doing well
Nonmalficience - CORRECT ANSWER Do no harm
Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER Stand up for patient
Veracity - CORRECT ANSWER Tell the truth
Sanctity of life - CORRECT ANSWER Maintaining life
Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER Keep promises to patient
Fiduciary Responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER Understanding costs to patient
Reciprocity - CORRECT ANSWER Being true to yourself while respecting alternative views & values
Ethics of care - CORRECT ANSWER Compassion, dignity, equality, empathy
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER Treating each person as an individual; show respect
A 69 year old auto mechanic who had a stroke. Assets of $300,000 - CORRECT ANSWER Medicare
A 23-year-old university student working as a part-time clerk, who sustained a TBI in a motorcycle accident. Assets of $2500 - CORRECT ANSWER Medicaid
A 36-year-old nurse diagnosed with MS, still working full time at the rehab hospital. Assets of $180,000 - CORRECT ANSWER Private insurance
A 26-year-old iron worker who sustained a T6-7 incomplete SCI from a fall at work. Assets of $4400 - CORRECT ANSWER Workers comp
Medicare - CORRECT ANSWER Federally funded program, person is eligible after being handicapped for 2 years
Medicaid - CORRECT ANSWER State program funded jointly by states and federal government. Medically needy
Workers Comp - CORRECT ANSWER Initiated by federal law and managed by agencies at the state level. Usually receive 2/3 of gross income
SSDI - CORRECT ANSWER Person who is under 65-years old with a disability and can no longer engage in gainful employment and must have worked for 40 quarters (10 years). Receives up to 80% of salary
Multidisciplinary team - CORRECT ANSWER Roles are clear, limited coordination required, patient family participation is limited
Interdisciplinary team - CORRECT ANSWER Potential to reduce costs, decrease LOS, and improve outcomes; team members have a holistic view of patient; complex system
Transdisciplinary team - CORRECT ANSWER Fewer persons interacting with patient decreases stimulation and stress, very holistic approach, may conserve staff and resources; most difficult
Home based care - CORRECT ANSWER Needs are intermittent. Focus is on safety, functional skills, education and management of chronic problems in the community
Transitional living - CORRECT ANSWER LOS may be weeks - months or even years. Medical care is limited
Subacute Care or Long Term Acute Care (LTAC) - CORRECT ANSWER LOS in this care setting tends to be longer than in acute setting. Physician contact occurs several times/week.
Inpatient Rehab - CORRECT ANSWER Interdisciplinary team for at least 3 hours every day. Daily physician contact.
Speech and language - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere
Left/Right discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere
Constructional skills - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere
Analytical skills - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere
Proprioception - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere
Spatial perception - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere
Construction of pupils - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic - CORRECT ANSWER Feed & breed
Sympathetic - CORRECT ANSWER Fight or flight
Pupil dilation - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Stimulation of sweat glands - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Constriction of superficial blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Secretion of saliva - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Slowing of heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Increased heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Relaxation of bronchial airways - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Gastric secretion - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Emptying of the stomach - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Constriction of sphincters of the gut and rectum - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Mobilization of the liver's glycogen store - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Bladder relaxtion - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Vasodilation of the genitalia - CORRECT ANSWER Parasympathetic
Vasoconstriction of the genitalia - CORRECT ANSWER Sympathetic
Coma - CORRECT ANSWER State of unconsciousness in which there is no arousal or awareness and no response to stimulation; score is 8 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale
Persistent vegetative state - CORRECT ANSWER The patient may be aroused but level of consciousness can't be determined. Sleep/wake cycles may be present
Post traumatic amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of memory of day-to-day events following the trauma
Retrograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of memory of events prior to the trauma
Anterograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of memory following the trauma; part of post traumatic amnesia (PTA); not able to learn due to defective memory
Mild BI - CORRECT ANSWER 80% of BI. Loss of consciousness lasts less than 20 minutes with GCS of 13-15
Moderate BI - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of consciousness longer than 20 minutes; GCS of 9-12; usually requires rehab
Severe BI - CORRECT ANSWER Extensive diffuse axial injury. Loss of consciousness more than 6 hours; GCS of 8 or less
Somatagnosia - CORRECT ANSWER Altered Proprioception and postural sense leading to inability to identify body parts
Anosognosia - CORRECT ANSWER Severe denial of disability and impairments
Homonymous hemianopsia - CORRECT ANSWER Visual impairment of the nasal half of one visual field and the temporal half of the other due to damage to the optic nerve
Figure-ground deficit - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty distinguishing the foreground from the background
Form-constancy deficit - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to distinguish between items of similar shape and form
Unilateral neglect - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased awareness of one side of the body; most often the left side
Impairment in geographic topographic memory - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty remembering to find ones way around the environment
Apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to perform skilled motor activities when there is enough muscle strength, coordination and sensation
Dressing apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Altered special perceptions interfere with ability to dress oneself
Ideational apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Failure to understand concepts related to the skill, unable to associate words and images with the performance of a motor task
Ideomotor apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Motor planning issue where the patient understands the concept but is unable to do it on command
Constructional apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Unable to produce or copy two or three dimensional designs
Aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER Difficulty with the comprehension or production of speech with a loss of symbol recognition
Expressive aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER Alterations in speech production - anomia, perseveration - secondary to damage to the frontal lobe. Reading and writing often impaired; also known as Broca's or non-fluent aphasia
Receptive aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER Impaired comprehension and reading problems secondary to damage to the temporal lobe; also known as Wernicke's or fluent aphasia
Global aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER Damage to the frontal lobe and temporal lobe resulting in impaired reception and expression of speech
Speech apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER Articulation is impaired due to inability to control motor movement of speech muscles; comprehension is intact; damage in the motor cortex
Dysarthria - CORRECT ANSWER Articulation defects from alteration in control of speech muscles due to damage to brain stem, cerebellum or cranial nerves; comprehension, reading and writing are intact
Anarthria - CORRECT ANSWER Damage to the brain stem causing total loss of speech; language comprehension, reading and writing are intact
Dysphasia - oral phase - CORRECT ANSWER Drooling on weak side, asymmetry of face, pocketing of food, altered lip closure and inability to close lips, weak or absent gag reflex, extended periods of time required to finish eating, altered oral sensation
Dysphasia - pharyngeal phase - CORRECT ANSWER Delayed or absent swallow, coughing, history of aspiration pneumonia, weight loss, fear of eating/drinking, wet-sounding voice while eating or drinking, frequent clearing of throat, complaints of something sticking or burning the back of throat
Dysphasia - esophageal phase - CORRECT ANSWER Burping, indigestion, substernal pain from esophageal reflux, complaints of bad taste in mouth, bad breath, coughing or wheezing, high incidence of dental cavities
Dysphasia - preventive measures to decrease aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER Incentive spirometer, deep breathing, cough, postural drainage PRN, administering meds in pudding or yogurt, temperature of food - hot or cold, cohesive bolus, avoid straws, position - OOB in chair
American Spinal Injury Association Classifications of SCI (ASIA) - ASIA A - CORRECT ANSWER Complete injury; no sensory or motor function preserved in sacral S4-S5
American Spinal Injury Association Classifications of SCI (ASIA) - ASIA B - CORRECT ANSWER Incomplete injury; sensory function preserved below the level of neurological injury and extends in sacral segments S4-S5
American Spinal Injury Association Classifications of SCI (ASIA) - ASIA C - CORRECT ANSWER Incomplete injury; motor function preserved below the neurological level of the injury and the majority of muscles are at Grade 2 or lower (nonfunctional)
American Spinal Injury Association Classifications of SCI (ASIA) - ASIA D - CORRECT ANSWER Incomplete injury; motor function is preserved below the neurological level of the injury and majority of muscles are Grade 3 or higher
American Spinal Injury Association Classifications of SCI (ASIA) - ASIA E - CORRECT ANSWER Normal sensory and motor function
Ongoing flaccidity - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron problem
Spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron problem
High risk of developing contractures from spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron problem
Risk of joint subluxation during early recovery periods - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron problem
Continuous absence of movement without tone - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron problem
Movement related to spasms or synergy patterns - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron problem
Dominance of upper extremity flexion with return of spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron problem
Injury from an infarct of the anterior artery leaving position, vibratory, and touch intact, but impairing other motor and sensory functions - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior cord syndrome
Damage to the sacral levels of the cord and lumbar nerve roots leading to areflexic bladder, bowel and lower extremities - CORRECT ANSWER Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Damage to the cord, leaving lower extremities intact, while paralyzing the upper extremities - CORRECT ANSWER Central Cord Syndrome
Damage to the sacral nerve roots leading to flaccid paralysis of bladder, bowel and lower extremities - CORRECT ANSWER Cauda Equina Syndrome
Injury to one side of the cord, leaving a loss of voluntary motor control on affected side and a loss of pain and temperature on the opposite side - CORRECT ANSWER Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Dermatomes - umbilicus - CORRECT ANSWER T10
Dermatomes - top of shoulder and diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER C4
Dermatomes - nipple line - CORRECT ANSWER T4
Dermatomes - outer calf - CORRECT ANSWER L5
Dermatomes - inner thigh - CORRECT ANSWER L3
Dermatomes - bladder, bowel, sexuality - CORRECT ANSWER S2, 3, 4
Dermatomes - thumb and wrist extensors - CORRECT ANSWER C6
Dermatomes - bottom of foot - CORRECT ANSWER S1
Dermatomes - undersurface of forearm - CORRECT ANSWER T1
Dermatomes - autonomic dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER T6
Motor nerve tracts - CORRECT ANSWER Tracts descend (efferent) the spinal cord
Sensory nerve tracts - CORRECT ANSWER Tracts ascend (afferent) the spinal cord
Posterior (dorsal) column - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission of deep touch, proprioception, vibration and most bowel and bladder sensations
Lateral corticospinal tract - CORRECT ANSWER Voluntary movement
Spinocerebellar tract - CORRECT ANSWER Reflex proprioception
Lateral spinothalmic tract - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission of pain and temperature
Anterior spinothalmic tract - CORRECT ANSWER Transmission of light touch, sensation and some pain
Anterior corticospinal tract - CORRECT ANSWER Fine tuning of muscle tone
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - brain injury - CORRECT ANSWER Uninhibited
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - spina bifida - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, autonomous, areflexive, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - reflexogenic erection - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron, reflexive, spastic
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - psychogenic erection - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, autonomous, areflexive, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron, reflexive, spastic
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - areflexic - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, autonomous, areflexive, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - autonomous - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, areflexive, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - flaccid paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, areflexive, autonomous, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - SCI T4 - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron, reflexive, spastic
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - SCI L2 - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron, areflexive, autonomous, flaccid
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - stroke - CORRECT ANSWER Uninhibited
Affect on bladder, bowel& sexuality - SCI C6 - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron, reflexive, spastic
Erickson's stages - infant - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs Mistrust
Erickson's stages - toddler - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Erickson's stages - preschool - CORRECT ANSWER Initiate vs Guilt
Erickson's stages - school aged - CORRECT ANSWER Industry vs Inferiority
Erickson's stages - adolescent - CORRECT ANSWER Identity vs role confusion
Erickson's stages - young adult - CORRECT ANSWER Intimacy vs Isolation
Erickson's stages - geriatric - CORRECT ANSWER Generativity vs stagnation
Piaget's Cognitive Stages - infant - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor
Piaget's Cognitive Stages - toddler/preschool - CORRECT ANSWER Preoperational thought
Piaget's Cognitive Stages - school aged - CORRECT ANSWER Concrete operations
Piaget's Cognitive Stages - adolescent - CORRECT ANSWER Formal operations
Latent conflict - CORRECT ANSWER Conflict anticipated, often driven by scarcity of resources or changes in environment
Manifest conflict - CORRECT ANSWER Overt action on the conflict which may be positive or negative
Felt conflict - CORRECT ANSWER Emotions of conflict present
Perceived conflict - CORRECT ANSWER Awareness of stress of situation
Conflict aftermath - CORRECT ANSWER Resolution or avoidance of the situation
Right sided paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Difficulty with depth perception and directional concepts - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Difficulty with math problems - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Denial of deficits and lack of insight (anisognosia) - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Impulsivity - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Difficulty with symbolic interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Difficulty with geographic memory - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Speech and language deficit - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Left-sided paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Difficulty with analytical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Impaired balance - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Unilateral neglect - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Somatagnosia - inability to correctly identify the parts of ones body - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Cautious, hesitant behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Socially inappropriate behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Figure-ground deficit - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Constructional and dressing problems - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Egocentricity - CORRECT ANSWER Right hemisphere stroke
Right/left discrimination problems - CORRECT ANSWER Left hemisphere stroke
Lobes of the brain - executive functioning - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - recognition of objects - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal lobe
Lobes of the brain - body awareness - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal lobe
Lobes of the brain - reception of sensory impulses - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal lobe
Lobes of the brain - filtering out unnecessary noises - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - interpretation of sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal lobe
Lobes of the brain - location of memorized patterns of movement - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - initiates voluntary movement - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - personality - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - spatial relations - CORRECT ANSWER Parietal lobe
Lobes of the brain - speech motor area - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal lobe
Lobes of the brain - interpretation of balance - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum
Lobes of the brain - control of the amount of muscle tone and trunk stability - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum
Lobes of the brain - voluntary muscle coordination - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum
Lobes of the brain - interpretation of visual information - CORRECT ANSWER Occipital lobe
Lobes of the brain - recognition of the meaning of written words - CORRECT ANSWER Occipital lobe
Lobes of the brain - recognition of tones, loudness, and qualities of sound - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal lobe
Lobes of the brain - understanding of spoken language - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal lobe
Lobes of the brain - modifies speed, force, and accuracy of movement - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum
Lobes of the brain - storage of short term memory - CORRECT ANSWER Temporal lobe
Brain structures - contains centers that work with the hypothalamus to control body temperature - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - all motor fibers converge here - CORRECT ANSWER Internal capsule
Brain structures - affects motivation and attention - CORRECT ANSWER Limbic system
Brain structures - controls the respiration center that establishes rhythmic breathing and increases respiration when CO2 level increases (chemical receptors sensitive to CO2) - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - secretion of anti-diuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothalamus
Brain structures - satiety center - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothalamus
Brain structures - cranial nerves originate here - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - important in storage of memory - CORRECT ANSWER Limbic system
Brain structures - contains vasopressor and vasodilation centers - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - initial recognition of sensory information: pain, touch and pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Thalamus
Brain structures - smoothes out movement and makes postural changes - CORRECT ANSWER Basal ganglia
Brain structures - regulation of vegetative functions via control of the autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothalamus
Brain structures - works with the hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system to regulate hunger, thirst, and sleep/wake cycle - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - contains swallowing and vomiting centers - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla
Brain structures - relay station for sensory information, routing to correct areas of brain - CORRECT ANSWER Thalamus
Brain structures - injury to this area may result in hyperarousal - CORRECT ANSWER Limbic system
Brain structures - differentiates pleasant from unpleasant feelings - CORRECT ANSWER Thalamus
Brain structures - active in controlling levels of consciousness, damage results in a coma, major role in attention and concentration, establishes "selective attention" - CORRECT ANSWER Reticular activating system
Brain structures - contains apneustic center (initiates inspiration) and the pneumotaxic center (inhibits inspiration) - CORRECT ANSWER Pons
Brain structures - important role in primitive behaviors: fight, flight, food and sexual arousal - CORRECT ANSWER Limbic system
Brain structures - injury to this area will result in rigidity and Bradykinesia (Parkinson's) - CORRECT ANSWER Basal ganglia
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - I - CORRECT ANSWER Unresponsive - no responses to pain, touch, sound, or sight
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - II - CORRECT ANSWER Generalized response - reflexive responses to stimulation or pain; nonpurposeful
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - III - CORRECT ANSWER Localized response - blinks to strong light, turns towards and away from sounds, withdraws from pain
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - IV - CORRECT ANSWER Confused, agitated - alert, active; decrease stimulation, limit visitors, dim lights, decrease sounds/noises, possible aggression
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - V - CORRECT ANSWER Confused, nonagitated - able to attend to environment BUT very distractible; requires constant redirection; difficulty with new tasks
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - VI - CORRECT ANSWER Confused, appropriate - robot like, more aware; need to learn to self-correct behavior; needs anger management skills; inconsistent orientation, recent memory impaired; beginning to recall past; follows simple instructions
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - VII - CORRECT ANSWER Automatic, appropriate - able to do higher cognitive tasks; able to do some ADLs in a familiar environment
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - VIII - CORRECT ANSWER Purposeful, appropriate - consistent in exhibiting purposeful behavior; appropriate to the situation
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - IX - CORRECT ANSWER Purposeful, appropriate (standby assistance) - patient aware and acknowledges impairment; initiates and carries out steps to complete tasks
Brain injury: Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale - X - CORRECT ANSWER Purposeful, appropriate (modified independent) - independently initiates and carries out steps to complete familiar tasks; may need more time
Orthopedics - Juvenile arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - Affects weight-bearing joints - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - Affects small joints - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - Symmetrical joint involvement - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - Accompanying symptoms include fatigue and weight loss - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - Affects more women than men at a 3:1 ratio - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - synovium is inflamed - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - Herbedens nodes in fingers - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - degenerative disease process - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - asymmetrical joint involvement - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - Swan-neck finger deformity - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - cartilage may be destroyed - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - spurring and hypertrophy of bone - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - pain and stiffness occur at rest and decrease with activity - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Orthopedics - metabolic arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Gout
Orthopedics - pain occurs with activity and is relieved by rest - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - joint inflammation and effusion in ankles, hands, fingers, wrists, elbows and shoulders - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis
Orthopedics - UNIX acid deposited into joints and subcutaneous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Gout
Pulmonary diseases - chronic bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructive - increased resistance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs secondary to narrowing of the bronchial tubes
Pulmonary diseases - asthma - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructive - increased resistance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs secondary to narrowing of the bronchial tubes
Pulmonary diseases - cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructive - increased resistance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs secondary to narrowing of the bronchial tubes
Pulmonary diseases - bronchiectasis - CORRECT ANSWER Obstructive - increased resistance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs secondary to narrowing of the bronchial tubes
Pulmonary diseases - spinal cord injury - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - Guillain Barre - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - multiple sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - ALS - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - Parkinson's disease - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - sarcoidosis - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - interstitial pulmonary fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictive - limits lung expansion by loss of lung tissue, loss of functioning alveoli or decreased lung and chest wall compliance
Pulmonary diseases - no evidence of right sided heart failure until end stages of disease - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - PCO2 usually increased - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - narrowed bronchioles and thick mucus - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - PCO2 decreased or normal until end stages - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - hypoxemia increased as disease progresses - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - often overweight (blue bloater) - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - thin with pink skin (pink puffer) - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - destruction of alveolar walls leads to enlargement of air spaces - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - right sided failure causes edema - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - persistent shortness of breath with little coughing or sputum - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - gradual increase in dyspnea, increase respiratory rate and decrease breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER Emphysema
Pulmonary diseases - inflammation of the bronchial walls - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary diseases - persistent cough with large amounts of sputum and recurring respiratory infections - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis
Burns - full thickness; extends past fat into muscle and bone; blackened skin; no pain - CORRECT ANSWER 4th degree
Burns - partial thickness; extends into the epidermis and part of dermis; blisters; painful - CORRECT ANSWER 2nd degree
Burns - partial thickness; does not extend below epidermis; skin dry and painful - CORRECT ANSWER 1st degree
Burns - full thickness; skin discolored, hard and dry; extends into the dermis; no pain - CORRECT ANSWER 3rd degree
Reflex neurogenic bowel - CORRECT ANSWER Upper motor neuron; injury at T12 or above; patient may be aware of BM, but has no control over it. May need suppository or mechanical stimulation
Autonomous, areflexic, flaccid, or atonal bowel - CORRECT ANSWER Lower motor neuron; injury at or below T12; lack of tone in maternal and external sphincter a, frequent oozing. May need manual evacuation
SCI above T12, upper motor neuron - CORRECT ANSWER Results in impaired bladder, bowel, and sexual organ function. Patient has muscle tone, spastic paralysis, positive reflexes. S2-4 is intact
SCI at T12 or below, lower motor neuron - CORRECT ANSWER SCI of sacral cord segments. Flaccid paralysis, loss of muscle, absent reflexes, loss of sphincter tone
Autonomic dysreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER Injury T or above T6; caused by stimulation below the level of injury, such as: over distended bladder, decubitus ulcer, fecal impaction, urologic procedures, pregnancy/delivery, gynecological procedures, in-grown toenails, fractures, restrictive clothing, DVT, sexual activity, kidney stones. Characterized by HTN, bradycardia, flushing, sweating, goosebumps, nasal congestion, impending doom
Urinary incontinence - stress - CORRECT ANSWER Small loss of urine when increased infra-abdominal pressure. Avoid by adjusting intake, timed voids
Urinary incontinence - urge (overactive bladder) - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of urine caused by abnormal de trust contractions; strong urge to void, frequency, nocturia. Use condom catheter, work on urge suppression
Urinary incontinence - mixed - CORRECT ANSWER Combination of stress and urge incontinence
Urinary incontinence - overflow - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of urine caused by bladder overdistention or retention; urgency, frequency, dribbling, and both stress and urge incontinence. (Trigger void, double void)
Urinary incontinence - total - CORRECT ANSWER Continuous, uninhibited loss of urine
Urinary incontinence - functional - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of urine or stool caused by factors outside the urinary or GI system; motor and/or cognitive impairment. Timed program
Urinary incontinence - neurogenic retention - CORRECT ANSWER Intermittent cath, every 4-6 hours, >400 ml [Show Less]