CRRN Exam 99 Questions with Verified Answers
Rehabilitation nursing is viewed as a specialty practice guided by what three things? - CORRECT ANSWER
... [Show More] Philosophy
Theory
Research
Lydia Hall's theory shows three interrelated parts.
What are they? - CORRECT ANSWER Care
Core
Cure
Imogene King's model is about goal attainment.
The goal of nursing is to? - CORRECT ANSWER Help individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles.
What three stages of prevention are in Neuman's model? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Primary prevention
2) Secondary prevention
3) Tertiary prevention
Helps clients maximize their defenses.
Describe the nursing process behind Orem's theory of self-care deficits. - CORRECT ANSWER Orem's theory presents a method to determine the self-care deficits of a client and then defines the nurse or caregiver's role in helping the client meet his or her self care demands.
Which nursing theorist wrote the "self-care theory"? - CORRECT ANSWER Dorothea Orem's theory
The three related parts of this theory includes the theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing system.
Which nursing model shows that individuals are in constant interaction with their environment and one another? - CORRECT ANSWER Imogene King's open system model.
Define Martha Roger's Unitary Theory. - CORRECT ANSWER Martha Roger's Unitary Theory is when nurses promote change and facilitate order during rehabilitation of sick and disabled people.
Which nursing theorist encouraged the use of one's own powers? - CORRECT ANSWER Florence Nightingale believed that nurses help clients obtain the best condition possible so nurses can cure.
What theory believes that an individual's behavior controls his or her outcomes? - CORRECT ANSWER The Locus of Control Theory.
People who believe they are in control of their health are more likely to change their behavior than those who believe outside forces are in control.
How does self-efficacy model impact rehabilitation in nursing? - CORRECT ANSWER Influences how much effort a client puts in rehabilitation therapy by helping clients maintain a positive attitude toward rehabilitation and confidence to attain new goals.
Who is an age-specific nursing theories that are helpful when practicing rehabilitation across the lifespan? - CORRECT ANSWER Anne Casey
Model for Children and Families.
The nursing model shows that individuals are in constant interaction with their environment and one another? - CORRECT ANSWER Imogene King
Open System Theory of Adjustment to Stressors.
Explain the theoretical structure of rehabilitation nursing. - CORRECT ANSWER Rehabilitation nurses help individuals affected by chronic illness or physical disability:
1) To achieve their greatest potential.
2) Adapt to their disabilities.
3) Work toward leading productive, independent lives.
4) Rehabilitation nurses take a holistic approach to meeting clients' medical, vocational, educational, environmental, and spiritual needs.
What is evidence-based practice? - CORRECT ANSWER - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an effort to integrate the best research evidence with the client's expertise, the client's values (preferences), and the need to provide high-quality and cost-effective health care.
- EBP is a way of getting information about the most up-to-date practice into the hands of the clinicians.
- Research creates the foundation for EBP.
EBP promotes the use of the best current evidence in important day-to-day patient care.
What is a nursing theory? - CORRECT ANSWER A body of knowledge used for nursing practice.
Barnum (1998) divides theories into those that describe and those that explain nursing phenomena.
Grand theories provide the broadest scope and present general concepts and prepositions.
Middle-range theories offer concepts and prepositions at a lesser level of abstraction.
Explain the Health Promotion Model theory. - CORRECT ANSWER It is a nursing theory by Dr. Nola Pender that assumes that people seek to regulate their own behavior and that health professionals play an influential role throughout their client's lifespan.
The personal belief in one's own capacity to control life events is a tenet of the theory.
Name the five core self-management concepts around which outcomes and interventions are developed to promote self-efficacy in the Health Promotion Model. - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Problem Solving
2) Decision Making
3) Resource Use
4) Collaboration
5) Action
Explain the basics of Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage of Development. - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs from 0—2 years of age.
Development proceeds from reflex activity to representation and sensorimotor learning.
Feelings and actions are inseparable.
Sucking and touching actions by infants are innate at first.
Infants begin to understand how personal behavior affects the world and become involved in trial-and-error actions.
What are the Six-Steps in Neuman's Systems Model Nursing Process? - CORRECT ANSWER Steps are:
1) Assessment (of the client)
2) Diagnosis (by interpreting the data)
3) Setting goals
4) Create Plan
5) Implement Plan
6) Evaluate
Explain the basics of Piaget's Pre-operational Stage of Development. - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs from 2—7 years of age.
Development proceeds from sensorimotor representation to pre-logical thought. By maintaining stable and consistent images, children are able to create a representational world.
Children begin to fantasize and use symbols to represent objects and feelings.
Explain the basics of Piaget's Concrete Operational State of Development. - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs from 7—11 years of age.
Development proceeds from pre-logical thought to logical, concrete thought.
Rules are devised to govern behavior Trial-and-error is replaced by the ability to problem solve.
Explain the basics of Piaget's Formal Operational Stage of Development. - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs from 11—15 years of age.
Development proceeds from logical, concrete thought to logical solutions to all kinds of categories of problems.
Reasoning and abstract conceptualization are used to help guide future actions.
The ability to "walk in another's shoes" is gained.
Why must rehabilitation clients use effective health management strategies? - CORRECT ANSWER Are necessary in order to achieve and maintain an optimal quality of life.
People with disabilities are living longer and needing long-term health promotion interventions to prevent further loss of function and prevent secondary conditions.
What is the difference between Health and Wellness? - CORRECT ANSWER HEALTH:
Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO,1948).
WELLNESS:
Is a journey that each of us takes in our quest for well-being of body, mind, and spirit.
Key components include:
1) Personal responsibility
2) Balance through all phases of health
3) Body-Mind-Spirit connectedness
4) Relationships with self, others, and the environment (Miller, 2008)
Wellness is a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life.
It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle.
What are the benefits of client education? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Better outcomes for client and family
2) Improved client and family satisfaction
3) Continuity of care
4) Cost containment
5) Improved staff satisfaction
Define Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER Is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
To reach a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
An individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope with the environment.
Define ineffective health maintenance. - CORRECT ANSWER The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) has defined ineffective health maintenance as "the inability to identify, manage, and/or seek out help to maintain health."
Assessment for ineffective health maintenance depends on which client aspects? - CORRECT ANSWER Client's self-management abilities and knowledge, emotional and spiritual state, and social support system.
Websites for health information should be evaluated using the following criteria: - CORRECT ANSWER - Accuracy
- Authority
- Objectivity
- Currency
- Coverage
State some of the interventions for ineffective health maintenance. - CORRECT ANSWER - Educate the client at their learning level.
- Determine readiness to learn.
- Use memory aids.
- Help the client identify and begin to resume family role responsibilities.
- Identify adaptation strategies.
- Assist client and family develop stress management skills.
State some of the nursing interventions for Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management. - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Determine the type of equipment, supplies, and services that are lacking.
2) Identify who in the client's support system is willing to develop the strategies necessary to improve management of therapeutic regimen.
3) Foster the client's advocate in promoting the client's wellness and health management.
4) Educate the client and the client's primary advocate on their learning level.
State the defining characteristics of Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management. - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Acceleration of family member's illness symptoms.
2) Failure to take action to reduce risk factors.
3) Participation in inappropriate family activities for meeting health goals.
4) Lack of attention to illness.
5) Verbalization of difficulties with therapeutic regimen.
Explain how a rehabilitation nurse can effectively educate clients regarding sexuality and reproduction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Answer all questions
- Promote an atmosphere of permission and acceptance.
- Separate your own values and attitudes regarding sexuality to address the issue objectively.
What are the defining characteristics of Ineffective Community Therapeutic Regimen Management? - CORRECT ANSWER - Deficits of advocates for the aggregates.
- Deficits in community activities for prevention.
- Insufficient healthcare resources.
Where do you find information about sexuality for clients with specific illnesses or disabilities? - CORRECT ANSWER Use a search engine and type in "sex and arthritis" or "sex and head injury."
If your institution has one, go to the patient educator for specific information that he or she has received prior approval from the institution.
State the expected client outcomes related to sexual function. - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Personal satisfaction with sexual function.
2) Avoidance of sexually transmitted diseases.
3) Pregnancy if desired and possible.
4) Avoidance of pregnancy if not desired.
5) Ability to plan and carry out parenting roles if appropriate.
What must rehabilitation nurses know regarding sexuality and reproduction after disability? - CORRECT ANSWER Available methods and aids to enhance sexual expression and contraception, and they should be able to provide educational materials.
State the PLISSIT model for Sexual Counseling. - CORRECT ANSWER Permission
Limited Information
Specific Suggestions
Intensive Therapy
Most sexual problems are classified as problems of what? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Desire
2) Excitement
3) Orgasm Phase Disorders
(or combinations of the three)
Define Limited Information in the PLISSIT model. - CORRECT ANSWER Providing some specific information related to questions raised or concerns expressed and allowing the person to pursue the issue further if he or she is comfortable.
What is the PLISSIT model? - CORRECT ANSWER Model for Sexual Counseling.
Define Intensive Therapy in the PLISSIT model. - CORRECT ANSWER Providing expert assistance for intensive discussion and intervention.
(e.g., Psychotherapy for marriage and relationship counseling, medical management of impotence, infertility, child birth, or previous abuse).
Define Permission in the PLISSIT model. - CORRECT ANSWER The process of allowing questions or fears to be raised and giving permission to talk about the subject.
State the types of sexual dysfunction experienced by men and women as a result of these certain classifications of medications. - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreasing sexual desire in men and women
- Promoting vaginal dryness in women
- Promoting erectile dysfunction in men
- Delaying or preventing orgasm in men or women
Define Specific Suggestions in the PLISSIT model. - CORRECT ANSWER Assisting people with problem identification, providing specific suggestions to resolve a problem.
(e.g., suggestions to deal with erectile dysfunction, bowel and bladder concerns, positioning, and contraception).
What is the recommendation for the partner of a client with neglect or denial of deficits related to sexual relations? - CORRECT ANSWER The uninjured partner should take a more active role and gently redirect the injured partner, use positioning with pillows, and use alternate positions.
State the classifications of drugs that can contribute to sexual dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Antidepressants
- Antihypertensives
- Anticholinergics
- Anticonvulsants
- Histamine 2-blocking agents
- Lipid lowering agents
- Digoxin
- Opioids
State the potential effects of disinhibition or impulse control problems related to sexual relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER The injured partner may make inappropriate or offending statements to partner, increase the number of sexual partners, or show inappropriate public displays of sexual impulses or activity.
State the potential effects of altered vision related to sexual relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased ability to appreciate visual stimuli and difficulties with depth perception.
State the potential effects of impaired memory or judgment problems related to sexual relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER Injured partner may perseverate on a sexual activity or request or pressure partner for frequent sex. Contraceptive use should not rely on memory of injured partner.
List some of the functional communication problems that may affect sexual relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER - Aphasia or dysarthria,
- Concrete functioning
- Disinhibition or impulse control.
State some suggested interventions for the client with paralysis problems and the potential effects related to sexual relationships. - CORRECT ANSWER - Use pillows
- Alternate positioning strategies
- Uninjured partner may need to take a more active role
- Paralysis may cause ED
If Cialis, LeVitra, or Viagra medications are used for help and autonomic dysreflexia occurs, do not take any nitroglycerin or nitro-paste.
The Transdisciplinary Model for team function: - CORRECT ANSWER Is one in which the client has a primary provider from the team who is guided by the team in caring for the client.
Which person first suggested that interactions between parent or caretaker and child are essential to healthy psychological growth (I.e. parents raise the child and the child influences the parents.) - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erickson
Lydia Hall's model contains three interrelated components. What are they? - CORRECT ANSWER Care
Core
Cure
The theory of unitary human beings relates the person (patient) is seen as being one with the universe and is an energetic being manifested as frequencies or energy waves. The nursing theorist that introduced this theory is: - CORRECT ANSWER Martha Rogers
Age-specific theories that are helpful when practicing rehabilitation across the lifespan? - CORRECT ANSWER Anne Casey: Model for Children and Families
Who defines theorizing or theoretical thinking as "the dynamic process of asking and answering specific types of questions?" - CORRECT ANSWER Butts and Rich (2011)
Which behavioral theorist introduced the Interactional Model, focusing on the concept of goodness of fit (consonance) versus poor ness of fit (dissonance)? - CORRECT ANSWER K. Warner Schaie
What is key criterion for determining trustworthiness in a qualitative study? - CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrating evidence for transferability
An example of a core competency the ARN Competency Model for Professional Rehabilitation Nursing would include is: - CORRECT ANSWER Collaborating with members of therapy and case management to determine the best discharge plan for the patient.
Nurse that did not articulate a nursing theory per se? - CORRECT ANSWER Florence Nightingale
Which nursing theorist introduced the Open Systems Model describing personal, interpersonal, and social systems are open and interacting, focusing on goal attainment? - CORRECT ANSWER Imogene King
evidence-based practice is defined as: - CORRECT ANSWER The process of finding, appraising and applying scientific evidence to the treatment and management of healthcare.
Cognitive theorist, Jean Piaget, believed every child passes through stages of cognitive development in the same sequence. What are those stages in the correct order? - CORRECT ANSWER Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Rehabilitation team models include: - CORRECT ANSWER Interdisciplinary Model
Multidisciplinary Model
Trans-disciplinary Model
Cognitive theories are significant for rehabilitation because: - CORRECT ANSWER Building on previous learned tasks and developmental achievements can facilitate progress.
Behavioral learning theories focus on what is directly observable in learners, with behavior outcomes regarding as a result of stimulus conditions. Two behavioral learning theorists are: - CORRECT ANSWER Pavlov
Skinner
Which behavioral theorist introduced the Interactional Model, focusing on the concept of goodness of fit (consonance) versus poor ness of fit (dissonance)? - CORRECT ANSWER K. Warner Schaie
Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs): Are commonly called? - CORRECT ANSWER Nursing homes
Models of care delivery include: - CORRECT ANSWER Client-centered care
Setting-centered care
Provider-centered care
Patient-centered model
Case management
The Medical Model for team function: - CORRECT ANSWER Is a physician-centered model of care in which all care is directed by the physician.
In Erik Erikson's social learning theory regarding psychosocial stages, which stage describes when a person is rediscovering attachment and developing mature bonding? - CORRECT ANSWER Intimacy versus Isolation
Trust vs. Mistrust
Erik Erikson;s Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Infancy
Viewing the universe as reliable.
Seeing relationships as stable and available
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Toddlerhood
Understanding control over one's body and thoughts.
Understanding disappointment in self and others.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Preschool years
Dealing with predominantly genital issues.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER School age
Dealing with latency, school, and relationships outside the family
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Adolescence
Clarifying personal identity
Depersonifying internal representations
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Young Adulthood
Rediscovering attachment
Developing mature bonding
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Eric Erickson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Middle Adulthood
Being creative and productive
Carrying out parental responsibilities
Integrity vs. Despair
Eric Erickson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Older Adulthood
Feeling a sense of completeness based on an integrated philosophy of one's unique life.
Sensorimotor
Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development. - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs from 0 to 2 years of age
- Development proceeds from reflex activity to representation and sensorimotor learning.
- Feelings and actions are inseparable
- Sucking and touching actions by infants are innate at first
- Infants begin to understand how personal behavior affects the world and become involved in trial-and-error actions.
Pre-Operational
Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs from 2 to 7 years of age
- Development proceeds from sensorimotor representation to prelogical thought
- By maintaining stable and consistent images, children are able to create a representational world.
- Children begin to fantasize and use symbols to represent objects and feelings.
Concrete Operational
Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs from 7 to 11 years of age
- Development proceeds from prelogical thought to logical, concrete thought.
- Rules are devised to govern behavior.
- Trial-and-error is replaced by the ability to problem solve.
Formal Operational
Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurs from 11 to 15 years of age.
- Development proceeds from logical, concrete thought to logical solutions to all kinds of categories of problems..
- Reasoning and abstract conceptualizations are used to help guide future actions.
- The ability to "walk in another's shoes" is gained.
- Deductive logic is used.
Models of Care Delivery Include:
(5-types) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Client-Centered Care
2) Setting-Centered Care
3) Provider-Centered Care
4) Patient-Centered Model
5) Case Management
The Medical Model - CORRECT ANSWER A physician-centered model of care in which all care is directed by the physician.
The Multidisciplinary Model - CORRECT ANSWER Professionals work in tandem.
Interactional Model - CORRECT ANSWER Schaie
Classical Conditioning Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Pavlov
Concept of Operant Conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER Skinner
Schaie - CORRECT ANSWER - Interactional Model
- Development of individuals in a progressive direction occurs when goodness of fit (consonance) exists
- Poorness of fit (dissonance) involves discrepancies between individuals and their environment, which results in distorted development and maladaptive functioning.
- Starting with dependency in infancy, interference with development of independence in adolescence is likely to inhibit the establishment of interdependence in adulthood
Pavlov - CORRECT ANSWER - Classical Conditioning Theory
- Conditioning occurs when a once-neutral stimulus become analogous with a response after the stimulus and the response have been associated with each other.
- Derived in part from Pavlov's work with dogs, behavioral theory suggests that internal responses can be changed by modifying behavior.
- Classical conditioning results in automatic responses evoked by a stimulus
Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER - Concept of Operant Conditioning
- A desirable behavior is more likely to be repeated or occurs more frequently because it is reinforced or strengthen by means of a reward.
Interdisciplinary/Inter-professional Team Model - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Members work together to determine goals and treatments
2) Decision making and problem solving are shared
3) Holistic approach
4) Continuity of care is present
Trans disciplinary Team Model - CORRECT ANSWER - One member is the primary care provider
- Other team members guide the provider of care
- Team members are cross-trained
- There is blurring of roles
- Flexibility is present
Multidisciplinary Team Model - CORRECT ANSWER - Members work independently toward discipline-specific goals
- Communication is more vertical than lateral
- Team is task focused
IMPACT Act
(Improving Medicare Post-Acute Transformation Act of 2014) - CORRECT ANSWER - Requirements for standardization of patient assessment data elements, quality measures, and resource use measures among post-acute care (PAC) providers.
- PAC providers are defined as IRF, LTCH, SNF, and HH agencies.
- Goals of the IMPACT Act are to improve the exchangeability of standardized data and data in general, improve coordination of care and patient outcomes, and inform payment/reimbursement models. [Show Less]