Criminology Unit 4- AC1.3- Describe models
of criminal justice and AC2.1- Explain forms
of social control (2023 Updated)
Crime control model - - Aims
... [Show More] to secure a conviction as fast and efficiently as possible
- Similar to an assembly line or conveyor belt
- Guilty until proven innocent
- Focus on punishment rather than reform
- Link to right realism
- Policies include zero tolerance, removal of 'double jeopardy', and the introduction of
'bad character evidence'
- Examples: Colin Stagg, Barry George and Gareth Hughes
Due process model - - Opposite of crime control
- Innocent until proven guilty
- Seeks to protect the rights of defendents
- Secure a 'safe conviction' / avoid wrongful conviction
- Link to left realism
- Policies include Police and Criminal Evidence (PACE) Act, Defendants' right to legal
representation and the Human Rights Act 1998
- Examples: Thompson and Venables, Garry Weddell and Sion Jenkins
Internal forms of social control - - Rational ideology: Our conscience- feelings of guilt
and anxiety which we experience when we behave in an unacceptable way
- Tradition: Family / cultural traditions, customs or norms (e.g. religion) which guide our
behaviour
- Internalisation of social rules and morality: Working out what in the right and wrong
thing to do based on our internalisation of social norms, values and mores
External forms of social control - - Coercion: The use of force to achieve desired
behaviour: this may be physical or non-violent (e.g. suspended sentences, death
penalty, three strikes)
- Fear of punishment: Individual deterrence- Punishment imposed on offenders to stop
them from committing further crime (e.g. more serious consequences for further
offending)
General deterrenceDeterring potential offenders from committing crime by demonstrating what the
punishment for doing so could be (e.g. 2011 London Riots)
Walter C Reckless' Social control theory - - Whether or not we can resist committing
crime comes from:
• Inner containment (our upbringing and the influence of our family- LINK TO Bandura
SLT)
• Outer containment (the influence of social groups and the law)...
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