Social relativity - The only thing that matters to human well-being is how one stands relatively to others
Discretion - Judgement between right and
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NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) - largest victimization survey in the world, conducted by Justice Department and Census Bureau (conducted with over 100,000 people each year)
The individual as a unit of analysis (psych theories) - Person, collective or object that is the target of the investigation
NIBRS - National Incident - Based Reporting System- a reporting system in which the police describe each offense in a crime incident , together with data describing the offender, victim and property
"Nothing works" - Belief that rehabilitation programs have little effect on reducing recidivism
Miller v. Alabama (2012) - Court held that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders
Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 - Legislation that established the first juvenile court in the United States
Qualitative and quantitative - Different approaches to conducting research focusing on quality and quantity
Qualitative Research - Collecting and analyzing non numerical data to understand concepts
Quantitative Research - Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales.
Vengeance vs. Justice - Conflict between seeking and achieving Justice in the criminal Justice system
Vengeance - punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong
Anti-social personality disorder - Mental disorder characterized by a disregard for the rights of others
Incapacitation - Goal of a punishment that aims to prevent offenders from committing further crimes by removing them from society
Bentham and Beccaria - Founders of classical criminology: focused on deterrence and punishment
Deterrence: general and specific - Power of officials to make decisions bases on individual judgment
Panopticon - Prison design that allows constant surveillance of inmates
Consensus/ pluralist perspective - Different theories that explain how societies maintain social order
Consensus - General agreement
Pluralist theory - A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. [Show Less]