CRC Exam
Comprehensive study cards for the
Rehabilitation Counseling Exam
2023
Assistive Technology - Answer--any item, piece of equipment, or
... [Show More] product system,
whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to
increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
Augmentative and Alternate Communication - Answer--A process in which the
counselor identifies devices and techniques that the client can use to improve their
communication
Durable Medical Equipment - Answer--Medicare term for reusable physical supplies
such as wheelchairs and hospital beds that are ordered by the provider for use in the
home; reported with HPCPS Level II codes.
Philosophical Principles that Define the Client's Role - Answer--a) the client must be
involved
b) the client must recognize their own beliefs and feelings and how they affect their
ability to function
c) the client must be willing to accept help
What is the purpose of anti psychotics? - Answer--Used to treat psychiatric conditions
by altering the chemistry of the brain
What are the five levels of exertion? - Answer--1) Sedentary: less then 6lbs regularly
and no more than 10lbs at a time
2) Light: less than 11lbs regularly and no more than 20lbs at a time
3) Medium: 26lbs regularly and no more than 50lbs
4) Heavy: less than 50lbs regularly and no more than 100lbs
5) Very Heavy: 50lbs regularly and more than 100lbs
7 Characteristic of "Universal Design" - Answer--1) equitable use
2) flexibility
3) intuitiveness
4) low physical exertion
5) perceptible information
6) size & space
7) tolerance for error
Universal Design - Answer--design of products and environments to be usable by all
people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptations or specialized
design.
Perceptible Information - Answer--Principle Universal Design; services or products are
made to provide information in a way that anyone can access despite abilities or
limitations.
Size & Space - Answer--Principle Universal Design; a service or product is designed so
anyone can use it, interact with it despite limitations such as grip strength, moving,
reaching, etc.
Tolerance for Error - Answer--Principle Universal Design; product or service is designed
do that user mistakes are hard to make
5 Principles of Ethical Behavior - Answer--1) Autonomy
2) Beneficence
3) Non-maleficence
4) Justice
5) Fidelity
Autonomy - Answer--independence; self-determination; right to personal choice
Beneficence - Answer--intending to do good and act in the best interest of the client
Nonmaleficence - Answer--do no harm
Justice - Answer--actin in a fair an impartial way towards all clients not letting "favorites"
or biases influence the service provided
Fidelity - Answer--faithfulness to one's promises or obligations; not making insincere
statements or impossible promises
Treatment Protocol for Alzheimer's - Answer--No cure but exercise, nutrition, physical
therapy can help. Need visual monitoring to stay safe and need frequent reminders and
queues to reduce anxiety
Huntington's Disease - Answer--A genetic disorder that surfaces around age 30 causing
anxiety and physical weakness as well as psychiatric and cognitive issues
Muscular Dystrophy - Answer--An umbrella term for a degenerative muscle condition
Antidepressants - Answer--Used to treat clinical depression; typically work on the
neurotransmitters serotonin, nor-epinephrine, and/or dopamine
4 Etiologies of Medical Disorders - Answer--1) Congenital Defects
2) Degenerative Disorders
3) Acquired Disorders
4) Unknown Origin
Striated Muscle - Answer--controls voluntary movement
Smooth Muscle - Answer--Control involuntary movement
Cardiac Muscle - Answer--Comprises the heart
Physiatrists - Answer--A Dr with expertise in body mechanics
Orthopedists - Answer--A Dr who specializes in skeletal disorders
Tendons - Answer--a bodily tissue that connects a muscle to the joint
4 Categories of Rheumatoid Disease - Answer--1) Rheumatoid Arthritis
2) Spondylitis
3) Osteoarthritis
4) Osteoporosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer--an autoimmune disease that leads to inflammation of
the joints and surrounding tissues
Spondylitis - Answer--linked to genetics and affects more males than females; causes
inflammation of joints between the spinal bones, and joints between spine and pelvis,
eventually causes the affected spinal bones to join together.
Osteoarthritis - Answer--most common joint disorder, due to aging and "normal" wear
and tear on a joint
Osteoporosis - Answer--he thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time
When assessing functional capacity the two major components are... - Answer--a)
Behavior: the client's past and present actions
b) Level of skill: the difficulty of activities that the client can complete successfully
Equitable - Answer--Principle Universal Design: a product or services provides the
same benefit to any user
Flexibility - Answer--Principle of Universal Design: a service or product is made to work
in any reasonable way
Intuitiveness - Answer--Principle of Universal Design; a product or service is made to be
used with little or no training
Low Physical Exertion - Answer--Principle of Universal Design: a product or service can
be used comfortably, easily and safely
Occupational Therapy - Answer--Restore, maintain, or teach skills of daily living and
work; Focus on motor skills and mental acuity
Physical Therapy - Answer--Restore, maintain and promote overall fitness;
Focus on strength, endurance, and range of motion
Therapeutic Recreation - Answer--Improve and maintain overall well-being: physical,
mental and emotional; Focus on using leisure/recreational activities to increase/maintain
abilities
Speech Therapy - Answer--helps people with speech and language problems to speak
more clearly.
Vocational Therapy - Answer--A special program designed to help those with a physical
or mental impairment to obtain, prepare for, engage in, or retain a job. Services are
provided through the division of vocational rehabilitation. This program is supported by
federal and state funds.
Principles of Treatment Planning - Answer--a) Tailor treatment to the specific needs of
client
b) Treat ALL factors that affect the overall well-being of the client
c) Ensure that treatment lasts as long as the client needs it
d) Give the client the information needed to create and implement the treatment plan
Functional Capacity - Answer--the ability to perform necessary tasks; what a person is
actually capable of doing
Functional Assessment Evaluation - Answer--(FCE): the assessing of client skills and
the performance of certain tasks
3 Types of Environmental Barriers - Answer--1) Architectural
2) Service
3) Societal
Interventions - Answer--any technique, strategy, or service that is intended to
treat/diminish a specific problem
Orthotics - Answer--medical term used to describe a device that helps a person move or
supports their body
Philosophical principles that define the counselor's role - Answer--a) recognition of and
focus on client's strengths
b) recognition and development of client potential
c) working with others to provide necessary services
d) recognition that the client is part of a system (family/community) and that the system
may affect the rehabilitation process
e) ensure that the client continues to make progress towards goals
Steps of Strategic Planning - Answer--1) identification of goals
2) assessment of counselor ability to meet these goals
3) outlining of specific techniques that can be used to achieve
4) carry out the chosen intervention
5) evaluate progress on a continuous basis
Identified Patient - Answer--The family member whose symptoms or behaviors are
stated by the family as the reason for coming to therapy.
Third-Party Payment - Answer--Payments for healthcare services made by an insurance
company or health agency on behalf of the insured
Referral Fee - Answer--A fee paid for recommending or referring a potential client or
customer
CPT - Answer--Current Procedural Terminology - a systematic medical listing and
coding of procedures and services.
Skills needed to coordinate services - Answer--1) communication- ability to transfer
information
2) concatenation- ability to ensure the client has access to needed professionals
3) continuity- ability to ensure that all involved are working as a team
3 Types of Accommodation - Answer--1) Physical Accommodation- environmental
2) Resource Accommodation- a personal assistant
3) Equipment Accommodation- special tools
Solving Teamwork Problems - Answer--a) using conflict resolution techniques as
problems arrive
b) re-evaluation and defining of individual team member roles
c) re-evaluation and redesigning of team goals
Conservation - Answer--Piaget learning concept that is acquired between the ages of 7-
11 where a child understands that volume, weight, and mass of an object stays the
same even when the shape changes
Concrete Operational - Answer--The Piagetian stage for when children between the
ages of 7-11 understand conservation of matter
Kohlberg - Answer--Theory of Moral Development: three phases
Preconventional - Answer--Kohlberg's first phase: two parts- a child doing what is right
to avoid punishment; an older child doing what is right as way to avoid consequences
and because it is in the interest of the other
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer--Pyramid of priority of needs
base to top: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self
actualization
Pavlovian Methods in the Military - Answer--The use of transmarginal inhibition (TMI)
techniques are used to re-program solider responses to discomfort of pain, fear
Transmarginal Inhibition - Answer--An organism's response to overwhelming stimuli,
first detailed by Pavlov
Steps of Work-Hardening - Answer--1) assessment of client's functional ability
2) Job analysis to discern the needed skills for employment
3) Identify options for employment
4) identification of specific accommodations, modifications &/or changes that will need
to be made
Erik Erikson - Answer--Stages of Human Growth & Development: 8 stages that refer to
how a person interacts with their environment. Each stage is a "crisis" which needs to
be resolved before a person can successfully move to the next stage.
MBTI - Answer--Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: psychological test based in Junian theory;
four categories
1) Extroversion - Introversion: Where do you prefer to focus your attention?: Where do
you get your energy?
2) Sensing - Intuition: How do you prefer to take in information?
3) Thinking - Feeling: How do you make decisions?
4) Judging - Perceiving: How do you deal with the outer world?
Purpose of Rehabilitation Services Administration - Answer--Division of the U.S.
Department of Education's Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services;
meant to ensure that people with disabilities have access to services needed to function
and work and in daily life
Purpose of Office of Special Education Programs - Answer--Ensures that children with
disabilities have access to an education that is tailored for the specific needs
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - Answer--TANF: helps low income families
obtain basic resources
Describe "Insurance" - Answer--An organization agrees to cover the costs of the item
insured in trade for dues and fees
Purpose of State Workers' Compensation - Answer--An insurance program available to
employers to cover costs when a worker is hurt on the job
Skills for Job Retention - Answer--a) ability to prioritize
b) ability to function under pressure
c) effective communication
d) ability to make decisions
e) ability to problem solve
f) ability to be part of a team
1918 Smith Sears Act - Answer--Authorized Federal Board for Vocational Education to
organize and offer programs of vocational rehabilitation for veterans with disabilities.
Employment as a result of vocational rehabilitation training had to be a feasible
possibility.
1920 Smith Fess Act - Answer--The civilian vocational rehabilitation [act] program.
Counseling, training, prosthetic appliance and job placement to physically disable from
industrial injuries. Provided federal funds to states on a 50-50 matching basis.
What year was NRA founded? - Answer--1925
1935 Social Security Act - Answer--established three types of federal provisions public
assistance, social insurance and health/welfare services; also established voc-rehab as
a permanent program
1936 Randolph Sheppard Act - Answer--joblessness among the blind must be reduced
through a robust program to assist blind people in the establishment and operation of
cafeteria, concessions, and vending businesses on federal, state, municipal and
potentially private property
1938 Wagner O'Day Act - Answer--Federal government will purchase items produced in
Rehabilitation Workshops
1943 Barden-Lafolette Act - Answer--made substantial changes in the federal/state
program of rehabilitation; broadened the program's financial provisions, offered a
comprehensive definition of vocational rehabilitation, expanded services to include
physical restoration, and each state had to submit a written plan for approval by the
federal agency as to how federal/state dollars would be used; expansion of services
included on a limited basis person who were mentally handicapped and mentally ill;
fostered separate agencies for general rehabilitation and rehabilitation of person who
were blind.
1954-1965 - Answer--"The Golden Years"
1954 Amendments-what did they do? - Answer--reshaped the roles of the federal and
state government in the rehabilitation program; established the basis for a working
relationship between public and private rehabilitation and expanded the role of the state
agency; established funding sources for (1) college and university training of
rehabilitation professionals; (2) improvement and remodeling of rehabilitation facilities;
and (3) research and demonstration grants; increased federal funding to states (3
federal dollars for each 2 dollars from the state); increased services to persons with
mental retardation and mental illness through items (2) and (3) above, along with
agency expansion and improvement grants.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Answer--Prohibits discrimination of hiring persons with
disabilities by federal agencies and federal contractors.
RA of 1973 Section 501 - Answer--focused on the federal government's hiring practices
RA of 1973 Section 502 - Answer--created the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
Compliance Board (ATBCB) to enforce standards set under the Architectural Barriers
Act of 1968
RA of 1973 Section 503 - Answer--prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis
of physical or mental handicap on the part of businesses with federal contract or their
subcontractors
RA of 1973 Section 504 - Answer--prohibited discrimination on the basis of physical and
mental handicaps in programs receiving federal funds; also established the Client
Assistance Demonstration Projects (CAPS) to provide assistance in informing and
advising clients and applicants of all available benefits under the Rehabilitation Act;
emphasized priority of services for persons with the most severe handicap and the
development of the Individual Written Rehabilitation Plan (IWRP); established by statute
the Rehabilitation Services Administration.
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act - Answer--requires employers and public facilities
to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits
discrimination against these individuals in employment.
1992 ADA Amendment - Answer--stressed respect for ind dignity, personal
responsibility, self determination, and pursuit of meaningful careers based on informed
choice
1998 ADA Amendment - Answer--purpose is to empower ind w/ disabilities to maximize
employment, economic self-sufficiency, independence and inclusion and integration into
society
2009 ADAAA Amendments - Answer--reiterate who is covered by the ADA civil rights
protections. It revises the definition of "disability" to more broadly encompass
impairments that substantially limit a major life activity. It also states that mitigating
measures, including assisstive devices, auxiliary aids, accommodations, medical
therapies and supplies (other than eyeglasses and contact lenses) have no bearing in
determining whether a disability qualifies under the law. Changes also clarify coverage
of impairments that episodic or in remission when active, such as epilepsy or post
traumatic stress disorder, that can substantially limit a major life activity. These
amendments took effect January 1, 2009.
Family Medical Leave Act -
Continues... [Show Less]