• Indirect- transferred at as distance greater than 3 feet, vehicle-borne indirect
transmission like food, liquid, people, objects: vector-borne
... [Show More] indirect
transmission- usually arthropods, airborne transmission – smaller droplets that
suspend in the air for longer periods of time
PATTERNS OF TRANSMISSION
• Uni-directional(nonhuman to human) vs bi-directional ( nonhuman to human to
nonhuman)
• Vertical - parent to child during fetal dev, birth, breastfeeding) vs horizontal (person to
person)
• Endogenous (internal source) vs exogenous (external source)
4. Describe contemporary issuesthat influence communicable disease.
5. Define and discuss conceptsrelated to immunity, immunizations, and vaccines.
(including differences between active and passive, artificial and natural
immunizations; cross and herd immunity)
natural-body’s innate response
• Active immunity-body develops antibodies after exposure, natural
contact with the infection
• Passive immunity-antibodiestransferred from another person or
animal ,breastmilk or through the placenta
Artificial- body’s response purposely induced
• Active immunity- inoculation of antigen
• Passive- inoculation of antibody or antitoxin from another person or
animal
• Crossimmunity-antibodiesto one disease protectsfrom another disease
• Herd immunity- immunity among the majority protectsthose without
immunity
• Immunizations- broad term- process in which an active or passive immunity
to an infectious disease is induced or amplified, vaccines, antitoxins, or
immune globulins
• Vaccination- narrower term- refersto administration of a vaccine ortoxoid
to confer active immunity by stimulating the body to produce its own
antibodies
• Live attenuated or inactivated vaccines are two types
7. Identify recommended adult immunizations (including contraindications)
19 years and older
• HPV, influenza, meningococcal (19 -21 Y.O.), pneumococcal, polio. Td and Tdap,
varicella, Zoster (60 and older), MMR (19 to 59)
• Live vaccines contraindicated for pregnant woman, immunocompromised pts,
severe allergic reaction to vaccine or vaccine components, encephalopathy,
moderate to severe illnesses, recently received an antibody containing product
8. Be familiar with infectious and communicable disease agentsthat are of concern
for the health of populations today.
• COIVD-19, Hep A, Hep B, Influenza [Show Less]