Counseling and helping relationships
25-49 Exam 2023
Questions And Answers
D
Okay, fess up: did you choose "a'? I'll bet you're not the only
one!
... [Show More] Let me say this in a way so you'll never miss this type of
tricky question again: Sublimation is not the same as subliminal.
Sublimation is a defense mechanism, while subliminal perception
supposedly occurs when you perceive something unconsciously
and thus it has an impact on your behavior. I say
"supposedly"
because the American Psychological Association (PA) has
taken the position that subliminal perception is not effective.
The opposite stance has been taken by Wilson Bryan Key who
has written books such as Subliminal Seduction and Media
Sexploitation in which he points out how advertisers and others
have relied on this technique. So, a word to the wise: Read each
exam question carefully. Here you will note that the question is
describing a subliminal activity, yet the word subliminal is not an
answer choice, making choice
"d" the only correct answer.
Choice
"C,"
introjection, takes place when a child accepts a
parent's, caretaker's, or significant other's values as his or her
own. In the case of this defense mechanism, a sexually abused
child might attempt to sexually abuse other children. - ANS-An advertising agency
secretly imbeds the word SEX into
newspaper ads intended to advertise the center's chemical
dependency program. This is the practice of
sublimation.
repression.
introjection.
none of the above.
A
Here the man yells at his wife instead of kicking the family dog,
This is displacement par excellence. Identification (choice
"c") is
also a defense mechanism, which results when a person identifies
with a cause or a successful person with the unconscious hope
that he or she will be perceived as successtul or worthwhile.
Another possibility is that the identification with the other
person serves to lower the fear or anxiety toward that person.
Finally, a Type II or so-called beta error is a statistical term,
which means that a researcher has accepted a null hypothesis
(i.e., that there is no difference between an experimental group
and a group not receiving any experimental treatment) when it
is false. There are plenty more questions of this sort when you
reach the sections on statistics and research methodology. - ANS-A man receives a
nickel an hour pay raise: He was expecting a
1 dollar per hour raise. He is furious but non assertive, He thus
smiles and thanks his boss. That night he yells at his wife for no
apparent reason. This is an example of
Displacement.
denial.
identification.
a Type II error.
C
Remember the fable in which the fox couldn't secure the grapes
so he said they were probably sour anyway? Well here's the
human equivalent affectionately known as the sour grapes
variety of rationalization. "I didn't really want it anyway" is the
way this one is usually expressed. Choice
"d' depicts the
"sweet lemon" variety of rationalization. Here the person tells you how
wonderful a distasteful set of circumstances really is. Thus, in
rationalization the person either underrates a reward (sour
grapes) or overrates a reward (sweet lemon) to protect the self
from a bruised ego. - ANS-A student tells a college counselor that he is not upset by a
grade
of "F" in physical education that marred his fourth-year perfect
4.0 average, inasmuch as straight A students are eggheads.
This demonstrates
introjection.
reaction formation.
sour grapes rationalization.
sweet lemon rationalization.
B
Review the previous question if you missed this. And here's a
wonderful memory device. In our society we overrate the value
of (or at least overeat) sweets in our diet. In the sweet lemon
variety of rationalization the person overrates the situation. In
this question the counselor is essentially saying,
"Oh, gee, I just
love to sweat, it keeps the water weight off of me and keeps my
weight down." Right; and lemons taste sweet-_dream on! - ANS-A master's level
counselor lands an entry-level counseling job in
an agency in a warm climate. Her office is not air conditioned,
but the counselor insists she likes this because sweating really
helps to keep her weight in check. This illuminates
sour grapes rationalization.
sweet lemon rationalization.
repression.
sublimation.
A
This is classic denial. The tennis player is failing to face reality.
Organ inferiority (choice
"d") is usually associated with the work
of Alfred Adler, who pioneered a theory known as "individual
psychology. - ANS-A teenager who had his heart set on winning a tennis match
broke his arm in an auto accident. He sends in an entry form to
play in the competition which begins just days after the accident.
His behavior is influenced by
denial.
displacement of anger.
sublimation.
organ inferiority.
C
Simply put, the person who engages in projection attributes
unacceptable qualities of his or her own to others. All of the
answer choices are considered defense mechanisms. - ANS-___________
is like looking in a mirror but thinking you are looking
out a window.
Repression
Sour grapes rationalization
Projection
Denial
A
In reaction formation the person acts the opposite of the way he
or she actually feels. An adult living with a very elderly parent,
for example, may spend all his or her time caring for the parent
when in reality the individual unconsciously would like to see
the elderly person die. -
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