What pieces of hardware are in the CPU? - Registers, ALU, and control unit
Hardware which serves as the CPUs memory. There are special and general
... [Show More] purposed of these - Registers
Hardware which does arithmetic and logical computations - ALU
Hardware which tracks state/status. Also controls other components - Control unit
Instruction cycle responsible for loading the instruction - Fetch
Instruction cycle responsible for finding the opcode/operands of the instruction and interpreting it - Decode
Instruction cycle responsible for carrying out the instruction - Execute
Protected instructions can only be executed in a ____________ - Protected state
Legacy boot process - BIOS
What does BIOS stand for? - Binary Input Output System
The ________ bootstraps the boot sector - Bootloader
What does bootstrap mean? - Loading up the computer
Why are the bootsector and bootloader separate? - Bootsector is too small
Where is the BIOS init stored? - The motherboard
What boot process is usable on x86-64 (i386) standalone PCs? - BIOS
What boot process has standard for ARM chipset systems? - Neither
Which boot process has standardized NVRAM locations for system variables? - UEFI
Which boot process uses a dedicated bootloader partition? - BIOS
Which boot process is usable on x86-64 (x64) standalone PCs? - Both
Newer boot process - UEFI
Which boot process simplifies diskless systems? - UEFI
What are the functions of an OS? - Loading programs onto machine, controlling I/O devices, managing resources (memory, CPU), multi-tasking execution, data protection (permissions), and task interaction (pipes, networking)
Mode for directly manipulating hardware - Kernel mode
T/F: No device is directly accessed without the kernel - True
T/F: Only system libraries can invoke system calls - False
T/F: The system call invokes code written by system developers, while a procedure call invokes code written by an application programmer - False
A running program is in ______ - Execution
When we run a program, we create a _________ for it - Process
Features of a process - Has some address space, associated with specific resources, computational element/object, and has one or more threads of execution
When we make a _______, we add a stack frame to the call stack - Procedure call
Which pointer points to the beginning of the stack frame? - Frame pointer
Which pointer points to the beginning of the call stack? - Stack pointer
A ___________ involves a switch into kernel mode for execution - System call
Invocation of a system call causes a what? - Kernel trap
What must be stored in a kernel trap? - Current address, registers, etc
What gets the address from the interrupt vector during a kernel trap? - OS dispatcher
Generation of pre-OS in which there was a control room in which a human operator ran programs (plugboards) - Generation 0: The operator
When was Generation 0 of OS? - 1940s
When was Generation 1 of OS? - 1950s [Show Less]