Community-Oriented VS. Community-Based - Community-Oriented: Focus is on "health care" of
individuals, families, and groups in
... [Show More] community
Community-Based: Manage acute and chronic conditions/Focus is on "illness care" of individuals and
families across the life span (usually one-on-one)
What is Public Health? - - A scientific discipline that includes the study of epidemiology, statistics, and
assessment
- ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy
What are the benefits of public health? - - Increased life expectancy
- Decreased deaths from strokes, cancer, heart disease, etc
3 public health core functions
- 1. Assessment- Systematic data collection on the population
2. Policy Development- develop policies that support the health of the population
3. Assurance- Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available
The primary focus that has differentiated public health nursing from other specialties - the emphasis on
the population rather than on single individuals or families
The DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHN AND OTHER FORMS OF NURSING - - In public health nursing, the nurse
often reaches out to those who might benefit from a service or intervention
- In other forms of nursing, the client is more likely to seek out and request assistance
Primary goal of Public Health - the prevention of disease and disability and it is achieved by ensuring
that conditions exist in which people can remain healthy
the feature that distinguishes public health nursing from other specialties - The focus on populations in
the community and the emphasis on health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention
Population definition - A collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental
characteristics
The term population may be used interchangeably with what term? - aggregate
Subpopulation definition - Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics
- For example, people older than 65 years who live in a residential home would be a subpopulation of a
larger population of older persons in the community
Community definition - People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use
in common some agencies and institutions and share a physical environment
Types of practice: Individual, family, and group focused - - Focus is on providing services to individuals
rather than a population, while maintaining an appreciation for the values of the community
- Example: Developmental screening tests of children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate
each child
Types of practice: Population focused - - Emphasizes health protection, health promotion, and disease
prevention of a population
-Example: Look at children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate if the program is achieving
its goals
primary prevention - both primary care and public health services that are designed to meet the basic
needs of people in communities at an affordable cost
secondary prevention - services designed to detect and treat disease in the early acute stage
tertiary prevention - services designed to limit the progression of disease or disability
Current trend is to move more care into community settings and to reduce the number of hospital days
for "sick" clients.
2 main reasons: - - Community care is less expensive
- Community care is more appealing; people prefer to be at home rather than be treated in a hospital
Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 - guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and "lame" individuals; this care
tried to regulate the poor as well as to provide care during illness.
first hospital founded in America - 1751- Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
1850: Shattuck Report - first effort that described a modern approach to public health organization
Florence Nightingale - Organized nursing practice and nursing education in hospitals (1858)
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - 1885: home visiting- Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on
the health needs of the poor
Jessie Sleet (Scales) — first African-American public health nurse - first African-American public health
nurse
Ada Mayo Stewart (1895) - Occupational health nursing
Lina Rogers - School nursing
AMERICAN RED CROSS and its Rural Nursing Service initiated - home nursing care in areas outside larger
cities. [Show Less]