A nursing instructor is teaching about the didactic aspects of cognitive therapy. Which
student statement indicates a deficit in meeting the learning
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A. "The therapist provides information about the process of cognitive therapy."
B. "The therapist uses guided imagery in an effort to elicit automatic thoughts."
C. "The therapist provides information about how cognitive therapy works."
D. "The therapist uses reading assignments to reinforce learning." - ANS: B
Cognitive therapy prepares the client to become his or her own cognitive therapist. The
didactic portion of the therapy provides educational material to reinforce learning about
the therapy and how it affects psychiatric disorders.
A 90-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital. Shortly after admission, the family
notices that the patient is exhibiting disorientation and agitation. When questioned about
the behavior by the family, the nurse states that the patient is at risk for developing
which common complication of hospitalization in older adults?
A. Delirium.
B. Dementia.
C. Alzheimer's disease.
D. Sundowner syndrome. - A. Delirium.
Delirium, which occurs over hours to a few days, is the most frequent complication of
hospitalization in the elderly population. Dementia occurs over a period of months.
Alzheimer's disease develops over months to years. Sundowner syndrome is most
prominent in dementia and becomes worse in the evenings.
A community health nurse is preparing a course on protecting cognitive function. Which
population group should the nurse target for teaching?
A. Older male adults with diabetes.
B. Older female adults who are overweight.
C. Young adults living in school dormitories.
D. Adolescents attending summer camps - A. Older male adults with diabetes.
The primary risk factor for cognitive impairment is advancing age; males with a history
of stroke or diabetes are at significant risk. Older females with a history of poor health,
insomnia, and lack of social support are at risk for cognitive impairment, not those who
are overweight. Risk factors for young adults include substance abuse and high-risk
behaviors, not crowded living conditions. Adolescents who attend summer camp are not
necessarily at risk for cognitive problems; adolescents who participate in high-risk
behaviors would be at risk.
The nurse is reviewing the needs of a patient with cognitive impairment. What is the
priority concern that the nurse should address for this patient?
A. Promoting at least 6 hours of sleep a night.
B. Encouraging an oral intake of 1200 calories per day.
C. Managing the patient's pain from arthritis.
D. Supervising medication administration. - D. Supervising medication administration.
Safety is the priority concern for the cognitively impaired patient; safely taking
medication addresses safety needs for the patient. Sleep, nutrition, and management of
pain are important components of the patient's care and can affect overall health, but
safety is the highest priority.
A psychiatric nurse is counseling a client who has thought patterns consisting of rapid
responses to a situation without rational analysis. What assessment data will the nurse
document on this client?
A. "Thought patterns are triggered by specific stressful stimuli."
B. "Thought patterns contain the client's fundamental beliefs and assumptions."
C. "Thought patterns are flexible and based on personal experience."
D. "Thought patterns include a predominance of automatic thoughts." - ANS: D
According to Beck, automatic thoughts consist of rapid responses to a situation without
rational analysis. These thoughts are often negative and based on erroneous logic.
A successful business executive continually thinks that job accomplishments are not
adequate. A nurse recognizes that the client's thinking is reflective of which cognitive
error?
A. Minimization
B. Dichotomous thinking
C. Arbitrary inference
D. Personalization - ANS: A
Minimization is the cognitive error that undervalues positive events and experiences.
The client cannot give credit for personal strengths.
A nursing student states, "The instructor gave me a failing grade on my research paper.
I know it's because the instructor doesn't like me." Which cognitive error does a nurse
recognize in this student's statement?
A. Dichotomous thinking
B. Catastrophic thinking
C. Magnification
D. Overgeneralization - ANS: C
In magnification, negative events are exaggerated. It is irrational to assume that there is
a relationship between failing a paper and being personally disliked by the instructor.
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