CNSC Exam 2024 Already Passed!!
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a result of a deficiency in... - Answer Iron or
Copper
Macrocytic anemia results
... [Show More] from a deficiency of... - Answer B12 or Folate
Consequences of long-term parenteral nutrition - Answer Anemia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Skeletal abnormalities
Symptoms of copper deficiency - Answer Sensory ataxia
Lower extremity spasticity
Parathesis in extremities
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased erythrocyte turnover
Decreased ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Abnormal EKG patterns
Myeloneuropathy
What change should be made to the PN for a patient with high ileostomy output? -
Answer Increase sodium and increase fluid volume (high output leads to water and
Na loss)
Acute disease-associated malnutrition symptoms - Answer Hypalbuminemia
Edema
Anasarca
% body weight loss to meet malnutrition criteria - Answer 5% or more in 1 month
7.5% or more in 3 months
10% or more in 6 months
Stress vs Starvation related malnutrition - Answer Stress: hypermetabolism,
hypergylcemia, lipolysis
Starvation: ketosis, hypoglycemia, lipolysis
Subjective Global Assessment includes - Answer Historical:
Weight history
Dietary intake
GI symptoms
Functional status
Metabolic demand
Physical Exam Parameters:
Subcutaneous fat
Muscle wasting
Edema
Ascites
CNSC Exam 2024 Already Passed!!
What lab value is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality in critically ill
patients? - Answer Albumin
What can compromise the reliability of urinary urea nitrogen to calculate nitrogen
balance? - Answer Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min
What can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations? - Answer Folic acid
B6
B12
Fluid requirements for healthy adults - Answer 35 mL/kg for 18-55 yo
30 mL/kg for 55-75 yo
25 mL/kg for >75 yo
<25 mL/kg when fluid restriction indicated
Iron is primarily absorbed in the - Answer Duodenum and Jejunum (in ferrous state)
Which amino acid is essential for small intestinal structure and function? - Answer
Glutamine
PKU is caused by a... - Answer deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)
Conditionally indispensable amino acids - Answer Require a dietary source in order
to meet increased needs caused by metabolic stress.
Arginine (wound healing)
Cysteine
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Tyrosine
Symptoms of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency - Answer Scaly dermatitis
Alopecia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Impaired wound healing
What IV fluid most closely resembles jejunal and ileal electrolyte content? - Answer
Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Supplementation of Vitamin A should be given for a maximum of - Answer 14 days
DKA puts a patient at high risk for low... - Answer phosphate (hypophosphatemia)
The risk of metastatic calcification in soft tissues begins to increase when the
product of calcium x phosphorus exceeds... - Answer 55
What is the most common cause of zinc deficiency? - Answer Diarrhea
Liver disease can lead to toxicity of what mineral? - Answer Copper (80% of copper
is excreted in the bile, liver patients should be monitored)
What trace element may improve hepatic encephalopathy? - Answer Zinc
What is the benefit of aluminum in the PN? - Answer None, no biologic function
Often a contaminant in PN or in medic such as antacids or sucralfate
What can cause an invalid indirect calorimetry measurement? - Answer Air leaks
(leaking chest tube, bronchopleural fistula)
High mechanical vent settings (FiO2 >60% or PEEP > 12 cm H20)
Hemodialysis (loss of CO2)
Respiratory Quotient values - Answer 0.71 primarily fat oxidation
0.82 primarily protein oxidation
0.85 mixed substrate utilization
1.0 carbohydrate oxidation
Cheilosis is associated with... - Answer Cheilosis: cracking of corners of mouth
Deficiency of:
Riboflavin
Niacin
Iron
Pyridoxine
Ascites treatment includes - Answer Fluid and sodium restriction
What is the normal length of small intestine in adults? - Answer 300 to 600 cm
Where is fat absorbed in the GI tract? - Answer Duodenum and proximal jejunum
Gastrectomy patients are at risk for deficiency of... - Answer B12
Which part of the GI tract has the least impact on nutrient absorption and intestinal
adaptation following significant intestinal resection? - Answer Jejunum (ileum can
adapt well, if you lose ileum D&J can't adapt; colon loss leads to fluid loss)
Valproic acid (epileptic drug) can cause what deficiency? - Answer Carnitine
Methotrexate (chemo drug) interferes with the normal intracellular metabolism of
what nutrient? - Answer Folate
Which trace element accumulation is associated with Wilson's disease? - Answer
Copper
The acute phase response has what effect on serum iron and ferritin levels? -
Answer Decreases serum iron levels
Increases serum ferritin levels. [Show Less]