CNPR, NAPSR Exam graded A+ 2024-2025
Margin of safety - the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose
that induces severe or life
... [Show More] threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration - right patient, right medication, right does, right
route of administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes - intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular - drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into
space around the spinal cord
intravenous - injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility - how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target
site of action
Bioequivalent - when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also
produce virtually the same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence - production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine
feces, bile, saliva, and exhaled air
medication error - failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid
such as syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others
encased within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules - medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external
shell; can be pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at
different rates
Enteric Coating - dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only
starts to digest in the intestines
caplets - shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file
make swallowing easier
gel caps - an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - control localized infections or inflammation and require very low
dosages to be effective [Show Less]