Gastrointestinal Bleeding (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Mallory-Weiss tear, cancer, NSAID use, history of GERD.
Symptoms:
... [Show More] Abdominal discomfort, red bloody stools, asymptomatic.
Diagnosis: CBC, endoscope to confirm.
Treatment: Cause-based. Fluid replacement. Locating source.
Cirrhosis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. Lipids stored in body cells instead.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weight loss. History of Hep C.
Diagnosis:
Treatment: Antivirals (with Hep C), diuretics, beta-blockers (if cardiac affect), Zinc supplement, liver transplant.
Foreign Bodies (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Accidents. 2cm or bigger can cause blockage. Children, patients with dentures, and psych patients at risk.
Symptoms: Depends on location.
Diagnosis: Ultrasound (faster if d/t sharp object), or X-ray.
Treatment: Pro-motility medications if safe to pass, or laparoscopic surgery if large/sharp/dangerous.
GI Obstruction (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Body tissues causing blockage.
Symptoms: Pain, constipation, N/V/D.
Diagnosis: Endoscopy, X-ray.
Treatment: Antibiotics, colectomy, bowel rest, surgery if hemorrhage.
Gastroenteritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Norovirus, bacteria, foreign bodies
Symptoms: N/V/D, tachycardia, weight loss.
Diagnosis: Symptomatic
Treatment: Fluid replacement, antibiotics, antidiarrheals (for fluid loss)
Crohn's Disease (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: IBD in small intestine, varies severity.
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, bloody stool, low appetite, weight loss.
Diagnosis: CBC (rule out infection, check anemia), fecal blood test, colonoscopy (check damage, find granulomas, inflammatory cells that trigger symptoms)
Treatment: anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, oral 5-aminosalicylates. No cure.
Ulcerative Colitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: Inflammation, ulcers, sores in GI tract, large intestine, rectum.
Symptoms: Diarrhea, with blood or pus, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, urgency to defacate
Diagnosis: proctosigmoiditis causes inflamed rectum and sigmoid colon with bloody diarrhea, left-sided colitis from sigmoid and descending colon, and pancolitis in entire colon. Colonoscopy to confirm.
Treatment: antibiotics, corticosteroids (reduce recurring flare-ups). No cure.
Cholecystitis (Cause/Risks/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: inflammation of gallbladder from cystic duct blockage by gallstones.
Risks: elderly, women, overweight, weight loss.
Symptoms: RUQ pain, N/V, jaundice, fever, tender gallbladder, gangrene if untreated.
Diagnosis: LFT, RUQ ultrasound (best for women to rule out pregnancy).
Treatment: antibiotics, cholecystectomy, treat asap.
Gastritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes: inflammation stomach lining, corticosteroid or NSAID use, excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea/vomitting.
Diagnosis: symptomatic.
Treatment: antibiotics, antacids, antidiarrheals if needed.
Appendicitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment) - correct answer Causes:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Spinal Cord Injury (Identifying) - correct answer Clincal: Assessing patient movements/sensation/pain
Xray: examine spine for fracture/degen changes, tumors
CT: check intervertebral discs for damage
MRI: identify herniated discs, blood clots, growths.
Spinal Cord Injury (Segments/Severity) - correct answer Cervical: C1-C8 (Tetraplegia)
Thoracic: T1-T12 (Paraplegia)
Lumbar: L1-L5
Sacral: S1
Spinal Cord Injury Shock Syndromes - correct answer Hemorrhagic shock: under T6 nerve, can cause hypotension
Spinal shock: patient loses sensory motor functions
Neurogenic shock: bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation. Over T5 nerve, may need Prednisone.
Spinal Cord Injury (Movement/Assessment) - correct answer Movements: minimal, immobilize spine
Assess: numbness or paralysis, damage up to 48-72h after injury
Spinal Cord Injury (Forms of Care) - correct answer General immobilization: lessen further damage.
Surgery: remove herniated discs, bone fragments, fractured vertebrae
Hypothermia: 24-48h stops cell death, support nerve regeneration
Rehabilitation: restore mobility [Show Less]