Clickers HNF 260 Exam - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) To be defined as a "good" source of calcium, a food must contain: A) at least 5% of
... [Show More] the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food B) at least 10% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food C) at least 30% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food D) at least 50% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food Which statement is TRUE regarding Healthy People 2020? A) It is revised every 20 years by the Department of Health and Human Services B) It aims to eliminate health disparities and improve access to health education C) It explains the five food groups D) It is revised frequently by the US Department of Agriculture The set of scientifically based recommendations designed to promote health and reduce the risk for many chronic diseases through diet and physical activity is known as the A) Recommended Dietary Allowance B) Estimated Average Requirement C) Dietary Guidelines for Americans D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. The nutrient standards used on Nutrition Facts panels are called A) Recommended Dietary Allowances B) Daily Values C) Estimated Average Requirements D) Dietary Reference Intakes An Adequate Intake (AI) is set for a nutrient when A) too little research is available to establish an RDA. B) the needs during pregnancy decline instead of increase. C) the need for a nutrient depends on total calories eaten. D) the nutrient has a high potential for being toxic. Non-pregnant females are advised to have 60 mg of Vitamin C per day. This amount meets the needs of 97% of this age and gender group and is based on extensive scientific data. Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) term best represents this nutrient statement? A) RDA B) AI C) EER D) UL E) EAR Which nutrients are contributed by the fruit group of MyPlate? A) folate B) calcium C) zinc D) protein The bacteria that usually inhabit the large intestine are prevented from backing up into the ileum by the action of the A) sphincter of Oddi. B) ileocecal sphincter. C) pyloric sphincter. D) rectal sphincter. Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by A) lipase. B) pepsin. C) saliva. D) bacteria. Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas A) neutralize the acid contents in the stomach. B) are synthesized in the pyloric sphincter. C) neutralize the bile in the duodenum. D) neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum. Secretions from the pancreas include A) HCl and digestive enzymes. B) sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. C) cholecystokinin and sodium bicarbonate. D) All of these responses are correct. Most dietary fats will A) be converted to short-chain fatty acids for absorption with other water-soluble nutrients. B) enter the lymphatic system.
C) enter the colon and become "food" for bacteria. D) be converted to bile in the lumen of the intestine. Lymph A) is like blood, since it contains mostly red blood cells. B) is a fluid containing blood proteins. C) recycles nutrients between the liver and the small intestine. D) transports fat-soluble particles from the intestinal tract to the general circulation. Insufficient production of bile is mostly likely to impair absorption of A) starch B) fat C) protein D) sugars __________ increases the available surface area of fats for digestion and later absorption. A) Pancreatic lipase B) Lingual lipase C) Gastric lipase D) Bile Segmentation as a function of the GI tract involves A) peristalsis to move the food along the GI tract. B) back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass. C) conscious effort. D) enzyme input to break apart the food mass. Amylopectin is A) a starch digesting enzyme. B) a type of starch that is branch-chained. C) a type of starch that is straight-chained. D) a simple sugar. Once absorbed into the body, the majority of carbohydrates are ultimately transformed into glucose by the A) muscle tissue B) liver C) pancreas D) red blood cells Carbohydrates typically comprise the largest proportion of total daily calorie intake. Which of the following meals would NOT contribute significantly to meeting carbohydrate needs? A) Bowl of chili with kidney beans B) Meat and cheese platter C) Bowl of ice cream with fresh blueberries on top D) Bowl of whole wheat pasta with red sauce E) Vegetable and rice stir-fry Humans can digest a carbohydrate if the glucose bond is A) an alpha bond. B) a beta bond. C) a gamma bond. D) a peptide. Which of the following terms is used to describe an elevated blood sugar level? A) Hypoglycemia B) Hyperglycemia C) Hyperlipidemia D) Glycemic load Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy for every cell B) Sparing protein as an energy source C) Preventing ketosis D) Making enzymes Amylase A) is synthesized in the cells of the small intestine B) digests pectin C) is synthesized in the pancreas D) is the main form of starch found in wheat E) more than one choice is correct The AI for fiber for women is A) 15 g/day. B) 25 g/day. C) 38 g/day. D) 45 g/day. High fructose corn syrup A) is a mixture of approximately 50% fructose and 50% glucose B) is ~ 200 times as sweet as sucrose C) is classified as a polysaccharide D) contains > 90% fructose A low blood glucose concentration will stimulate the increase of ____ in the blood A) glucagon B) glycogen C) insulin D) amylose Glycogen is made of glucose units linked by beta bonds. A) true B) false Which of the following is the primary cause of death in children around the world? A) HIV/AIDS B) measles C) malaria D) diarrhea Rotavirus infection causes A) stomach blockage and severe pain. B) inflammation of the pancreas and severe pain. C) severe diarrhea and dehydration. D) peptic ulcer formation. The salivary glands produce about ___ cup(s) of saliva each day. Saliva is a watery fluid that contains ________, ___________, and ___________. A) 1; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances B) 1; mucus; bile; hormones C) 4; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances D) 4; mucus; bile; hormones The stomach can absorb A) proteins or amino acids. B) sugars, such as lactose. C) alcohol. D) nothing is absorbed in the stomach. The sphincter that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine is known as the A) lower esophageal sphincter. B) sphincter of Oddi. C) pyloric sphincter. D) ileocecal sphincter. Glucose, galactose, and fructose A) are disaccharides. B) are soluble fibers. C) are monosaccharides. D) are polysaccharides. An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may A) decrease risk of diabetes. B) lower blood lipid levels. C) decrease risk of certain cancers. D) All of these choices are correct. The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is A) maltose. B) starch. C) glycogen. D) ribose. Lisa is a 19-year-old college student who recently began experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. She recognizes the importance of consuming adequate dietary calcium, but does not want to further aggravate her gastrointestinal system. There are several dietary practices that can help Lisa achieve her calcium needs without aggravating her lactose intolerance symptoms. Which is NOT a helpful recommendation for Lisa? A) Eat hard cheeses and yogurt. B) Drink low lactose or lactase-treated milk such as Lactaid®. C) Drink milk on an empty stomach. D) Drink calcium-fortified soy milk that contains no lactose. E) Take pills that contain lactase before eating or drinking dairy foods. What is TRUE about the absorption and transportation of fat in the blood? A) Fats travel in lipoprotein carriers B) All fats enter the small intestine wall and absorb directly into the bloodstream C) Chylomicrons contain mainly protein D) HDL carries cholesterol to the cells Arachadonic acid is associated with A) glucose metabolism. B) omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. C) omega-6 fatty acid metabolism. D) cholesterol metabolism. Regina's pregnant sister is interested in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two essential fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic (omega-3) acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA + DHA? A) Walnuts B) Flaxseed C) Fatty fish D) Mussels Monounsaturated fatty acids A) are liquid at room temperature. B) have one double bond in the fatty acid chain. C) lower cholesterol. D) All of these responses are correct. The essential fatty acids include: A) stearic acid and oleic acid B) oleic acid and linoleic acid C) palmitic acid and linoleic acid D) linolenic acid and linoleic acid In what form is most body fat stored? A) cholesterol. B) phospholipids. C) triglycerides. D) None of these are correct. Which of these is NOT true?Lecithin is: A) an emulsifier B) a phospholipid C) an essential nutrient D) a constituent of cell membranes Chylomicrons are produced in the A) liver B) pancreas C) gallbladder D) absorptive cells of small intestine Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile A) ecosinoids B) Cholesterol C) saturated fat D) Alpha linoleic acid The difference between cis- and trans- fatty acids is A) the number of double bonds B) the length of their carbon chains C) the location of the first double bond D) the configuration around the double bond The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the U.S. diet include A) whole grains. B) sunflower, soybean, and safflower oils. C) lecithins. D) animal products. Saturated fatty acids A) are always 18 carbons long B) have at least one double bond C) are fully loaded with hydrogens D) are always liquid at room temperature The major symptoms of kwashiorkor in children are A) edema and growth failure. B) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. C) increased appetite and hyperactivity. D) overweight and an excess accumulation of fat. A high-protein diet is discouraged for patients with A) infection. B) marasmus. C) kidney disease. D) kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor A) is a kidney condition caused by excessive protein intake B) develops in infants who consume contaminated, high protein infant formulas. C) is a disease of severely deficient protein intake. D) is a childhood allergy to an amino acid in human breast milk. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid: A) denatures proteins and activates pepsin B) hydrolyzes proteins and denatures pepsin C) emulsifies proteins and releases peptidase D) condenses proteins and facilitates digestion Protein turnover describes the amount of protein: A) found in foods and in the body B) absorbed from the diet C) synthesized and degraded D) used to make glucose Over time, if protein intake does not meet the body's protein needs for building and repair of tissues, A) skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the liver decrease in size. B) excessive body fluid begins to accumulate in the extracellular spaces. C) the immune system fails to function properly. D) All of these choices are accurate. Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids? A) egg B) corn C) gelatin D) whole grains E) broccoli [Show Less]