As feeding frequency decreases, what happens?
prolactin levels decrease
What happens during lactogenesis I (secretory differentiation)?
colostrum
... [Show More] is produced
When does lactogenesis I end?
when the placenta is delivered
What happens during lactogenesis II (secretory activation)?
progesterone decreases over the span of days, colostrum begins to mix with milk
What happens during lactogenesis III (galactopoesis)?
production of mature milk
What needs to happen for lactogenesis III to be successful?
frequent milk removal and nipple stimulation (prolactin)
When is the paracellular pathway present?
early breastfeeding when both progesterone and prolactin are present
What is the difference between the paracellular pathway and the transcellular pathway?
The paracellular pathway is characterized by large spaces between milk cells, allowing blood components to pass more freely; the transcellular pathway is characterized by tight junctions and cellular control
Grade 1 inverted nipples:
easily pulled out with pumping or nursing
Grade 2 inverted nipples:
can be pulled out but don't maintain projection after nursing
Grade 3 inverted nipples:
difficult/impossible to pull out, rare to have on both breasts
Women with inverted nipples may have lower...
prolactin levels due to decreased stimulation/stretching
True or false: mom can continue to nurse older child through pregnancy
true, as long as she is low risk for preterm birth
True or false: the milk produced during pregnancy is sufficient for a child under 1 year old
false (sufficient for snacking nurse over 1 year but infants would need supplementation)
What is tandem nursing?
nursing two babies not from same pregnancy
#1 concern of moms related to breastfeeding
low milk supply
WHO hierarchy of infant feeding
1. breastfeeding at breast 2. expressed milk 3. donor milk 4. cow milk formula 5. soy formula
Storage of fresh expressed milk
table for up to four hours, fridge up to four days, freezer best within 6 months
Storage of thawed breastmilk
table 1-2 hours, fridge up to 1 day, never refreeze
Minimum temperature to heat water for formula
158F
What percent of infants have a true formula intolerance?
2-15%
What percent of infants change formulas in the first year?
33-50% [Show Less]