Civil Service Exam practice Chapter 17 Study Guide 30 Questions with Verified Answers
Be able to explain the examination system. - CORRECT ANSWER Civil
... [Show More] service examinations are tests required for people to work for the government. The highly educated men who passed the civil service examinations were known as scholar officials. They qualified for government jobs. During the Song dynasty, the tests became part of a merit system. In a merit system, people are hired and promoted based on talent and skill, rather than wealth or social status. The government opened schools that even poor level students could attend. By preventing corruption and promoting the best officials, Song rulers tried to maintain good government. Officials were supposed to act honestly and efficiently. A later dynasty, the Ming, made new rules for officials. They could not serve in their home district, where they might do favors for family and friends. They also changed jobs every three years, so that they could not build up too much power.
Be able to explain the government under the Tang Dynasty. - CORRECT ANSWER The Tang Dynasty was run by a Beaucracy. A Beaucracy is a system of government with many. departments and bureaus. Each official has a rank and fixed responsibilities.
What is a bureaucracy? - CORRECT ANSWER a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
What led to the fall of the Tang Dynasty? - CORRECT ANSWER War was one factor of the fall of the Tang. Drought, famine, and high taxes led to problems at home. In the late 700's several military leaders rebelled.
Be able to explain the importance of scholar officials. - CORRECT ANSWER Scholars studied for official exams in several subjects. The highest level exams required students to know the of Confucius, write poetry, and write calligraphy. Scholars often studied for more than 20 years, even though the chances of passing were small.
The examinations were based on whose teachings? - CORRECT ANSWER The examinations were based on Confucius's teachings.
Be able to explain the merit system. - CORRECT ANSWER In a merit system, people are hired and promoted based on talent and skills, rather than wealth or social status.
What is urbanization? - CORRECT ANSWER The growth of cities.
What advances in farming took place during the Tang and Song? - CORRECT ANSWER Rice became China's most important crop. Rice grows in flooded fields called paddies. To keep their rice paddies wet, Chinese farmers developed irrigation systems such as pumps and other water control devices. They also developed new strains of fast-ripening rice. With this kind of rice, farmers could harvest two or three crops a year.
The Tang dynasty was the greatest era of what art form? - CORRECT ANSWER The Tang Dynasty was the greatest era of Chinese poetry.
Who was Genghis Khan? - CORRECT ANSWER Founder of the Mongol Empire.
Be able to explain the revival of trade during Mongol rule of China. - CORRECT ANSWER The Mongols encouraged trade and commerce. Under the Yuan, merchants held a higher status in China than they had in earlier times. they were spared certain taxes they had paid during the Song Dynasty. The Mongols continued the sea trade begun under the song. Many of the merchants who carried out this trade were Muslims from southwestern Asia. They also reopened the ancient Silk Road across Central Asia.
What was the name of the Mongol dynasty in China? - CORRECT ANSWER Yuan Dynasty
How did the Mongols limit Chinese influence? - CORRECT ANSWER They placed them at the bottom of the Social hierarchy. They also welcomed foreigners in China. Turks and Muslims were the largest group. They held key positions in the government. Many Tibetans were encouraged to spread their form of buddhism across China. The Mongols also allowed Christian missionaries from Europe to preach in China.
Be able to explain the social hierarchy in Yuan China. - CORRECT ANSWER Society was divided into four groups. At the top were Mongols. Next came other foreigners. Then came the northern Chinese.At the bottom were the recently conquered Chinese.
What did Hongwu do during his reign? - CORRECT ANSWER He moved the capitol to Nanjing. He reversed Mongol trade policies. he also revived the civil service system and Confucian values.
Be able to explain the Ming foreign policy (Yongle's Tributary system, mostly). - CORRECT ANSWER Yongle started forcing other foreign counties to recognize his power. any countries sent tribute to China.
Why did other countries go along with this foreign policy? - CORRECT ANSWER Other countries went along so that they could get the goods that they wanted with out going to war.
What happened in China after Yongle's death? - CORRECT ANSWER With Yongle's death, the voyages ended and China turned inward.
Who was Zheng He? - CORRECT ANSWER (1371-1435) China's most famous navigator in the 15th century. Traveled the Indian Ocean, visiting Africa, India, and the Middle East.
Be able to explain the Three Perfections. - CORRECT ANSWER The Three Perfections were calligraphy, poetry, and painting.
What invention helped sailors? - CORRECT ANSWER The magnetic compass helped sailors navigate the open seas.
Which trade item was highly prized around the world? - CORRECT ANSWER Porcelain was highly prized around the world.
Be able to explain Daoism. - CORRECT ANSWER Daoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy. Its basic teaching is that all things-earth, heaven, and people- should follow the Dao. Dao means "the way." A person who follows the way will enjoy peace. For many Daoists, this meant leaving society to live close to nature. By the Tang period, Daoism had priests, temples, and monasteries.
Be able to explain Buddhism. - CORRECT ANSWER Some Chinese thinkers criticized Buddhism as a foreign religion. Other critics opposed Buddhists' withdrawal from the world. They believed that people should be involved in society and family life. Still others criticized the wealth and power of the monasteries. At times, criticism led to persecution. The worst attacks came during the reign of Emperor Wuzong, a Daoist. In 845, Wuzong ordered the destruction of 4,600 Buddhist monasteries and 40,000 temples. Some 250,000 Buddhist monks and nuns were forced to give up religious life. Buddhism never really recovered from this attack. Although some Buddhist ideas remained important, Buddhism as a religion did not regain its popularity.
Who founded Buddhism? - CORRECT ANSWER Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
How did Buddhism decline? - CORRECT ANSWER In 845, Emperor Wuzong ordered the destruction of 4,600 Buddhist monasteries and 40,000 temples. Some 250,000 Buddhist monks and nuns were forced to give up religious life. Buddhism never really recovered from this attack. Although some Buddhist ideas remained important, Buddhism as a religion did not regain its popularity.
Be able to explain Confucianism. - CORRECT ANSWER Much of the opposition to Buddhism came from the followers of Confucianism. Confucianism is a system of moral behavior, based on the teachings of Confucius. It was an important belief system, especially for scholar officials. Confucius lived during a time of warfare and disorder in China. His philosophy was designed to restore peace and stability. Confucius stressed the importance of virtue. He said that A wise ruler governed through moral example, not force. he taught that people could gain virtue through education. Confucianism was also based on respect for family and the social order. Everyone had a role to play in society. As Confucius put it, "let the prince be a prince, the minister a minister, the father a father, and the son a son." He taught that children should respect their parents.
What were the teachings of Neo-Confucianism? - CORRECT ANSWER The growth of Buddhism caused Confucian scholars to think about religious questions. by the Song, era a new philosophy called Neo-Confucianism arose. The Neo-Confucians found. new meanings in the writings of. Confucius. In doing so, they answered questions about the meaning and purpose of life. This form of Confucian thoughts showed the influence of Buddhism and Daoism. The ideas of the Neo-Confucians had a great influence on China from the Song period onward.
How did Chinese inventions reach Europe? - CORRECT ANSWER Muslim traders [Show Less]