Chemistry 101 Lesson 1:matter: gases, liquids, and solids (+ Plasma)/Lesson 1:matter: gases, liquids, and solids (+ Plasma)Plasma- super heated electrical
... [Show More] dischargeGas-A substance in which the atoms or molecules are free to move relative to one another. It alwaysassumes the shape and volume of its container.Compound- A pure substance made up of two or more elements.Volume- A derived unit defined as length cubed.Solids- close+ fixedLiquids-Liquids can be composed of simple molecules, such aliquidnitrogenN2(l)N2(l).Liquidis alsocomposed of more complex molecules,If apure substancecan be separated into simpler substances, it is acompound.If thepure substancecannot be separated into simpler forms, it is anelement.Precision- a How close a series of measurements are to each other.Accuracy- How close a series of measurements are to the actual value.Molecule- A unit of matter formed when two or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds.Chemical Reaction- The interaction of atoms and molecules that involves the breaking and forming ofbonds.Aheterogeneous mixtureis amixtureof non-uniform compositionAhomogeneous mixtureis amixtureof uniform composition.True: Agasis a fundamental state of matter.False: Solids are compressible.True: Solids are compressible.False: A pure substance is called a mixture.True: A compound is a pure substance that can be broken down into elements.False: All mixtures are the same.Units of MeasurementsWith theFahrenheitscale, pure water freezes at32 °F and boils at212°F at sea level; normal bodytemperature is 98.6 °F.In theCelsiusscale, at atmospheric pressure, pure water freezes at 0° C and boils at 100° C; thenormal body temperature is 37.4° C.Finally, in theKelvinscale, water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K. In addition, theKelvinscaleassigns 0 K to the coldest temperature possible. 0 K is defined as absolute Zero.Speed that combines the base units of lengthm/sand timem3,cm3,L,mLm3,cm3,Volumethat combines the base units of lengthL,mLDerived Unit-A combination of SI units.Volume- A derived unit defined as length cubed.
Density- A derived unit defined as mass/volume.Intensive property- A property that does not depend on the amount of a substance.Anextensive propertyis a property that depends on the total amount of substance you have.Unit-Any division of a quantity that may be used in a measurement.The common system of units used in the United States is _________. = The English systemThe SIunitfor mass is the _________. = KilogramKelvinis the SIunitfor _________ . = TemperatureDensityis a _________unit. = DerivedTo convert from kilometers to miles one must find _________. = Conversion factorsReliable MeasurementsReliable measurement-A measurement that is repeatable in an experimental setup, within anacceptable range of error.Precisionrefers to the reproducibilityAccuracyindicates how close your measuredvalue is to the actual valueMeasurement-A quantitative observation.False:Precisionandaccuracyare the same.True: Significant digits aid us in understanding the precision of a measurement.False: Exact numbers have an associated uncertainty.False: Order-of-magnitude estimates are not useful for approximations.A substance in which the atoms or molecules are free to move relative to one another. It alwaysassumes the shape andvolumeof its container. =GasA substance in which the atoms or molecules pack closer than agas, but are still able to freely moverelative to one another. It exhibits a fixedvolume, but not a fixed shape. =LiquidA substance in which the atoms or molecules are fixed at a specific position. It exhibits afixedvolumeand rigid shape. =SolidAsolidthat has atoms and molecules in a repeatable pattern. =Crystalline solidAsolidwhose atoms or molecules are not arranged in a specific pattern. =Amorphous solidA substance does not vary its composition within the substance nor between samples of the samesubstance. =Pure substanceA physical combination of substances in which each substance keeps its own physical and chemicalproperties. =MixtureA physical combination of substances of non-uniform composition. = Heterogeneous mixtureA physical combination of substances of uniform composition. = Homogeneous mixtureApure substancethat cannot be broken into component parts. Examples include helium, nitrogen, andoxygen. = ElementApure substancemade up of two or more elements. = CompoundA quantitative observation. = MeasurementCorrectTopic 2: Matter + ComponentsJohn Dalton'satomic theory, that atoms comprise all matter, grew out of several laws andobservations.Standard symbols for elements1.Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626), known as the father of intuitive reasoning2.Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) who investigated planetary motion [Show Less]