Module 6: Problem Set
Question 1
Define or describe:
(a) Amorphous solid (k) Molality
(b) Colligative property (l) Molarity
(c) Colloid
... [Show More] (m)
Nonelectrolyte
(d) Condensation (n) Phase
(e) Critical point (o) Strong
electrolyte
(f) Critical pressure (p) Sublimation
(g) Crystalline solid (q) Surface tension
(h) Electrolyte (r) Triple point
(i) Fluid (s) Vapor pressure
(j) Ionization (t) Weak
electrolyte
Answer:
(a) Amorphous solids are ones in which the particles are arranged in
a random fashion.
(b) Colligative properties are physical properties of solvents that
are dependent on the concentration of the solute present and the
identity of the solvent but not on the identity of the solute. They
include vapor pressure, freezing point and boiling point.
(c) Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures which appear to
homogeneous one-phase mixtures but are actually composed of
particles too small to be seen with the naked eye.
(d) Condensation is the process of gas being converted to liquid.
(e) Critical point is the temperature above which a substance cannot
exist in the liquid phase.
(f) Critical pressure is the lowest pressure required for the
substance to exist as a liquid at the critical point.
(g) Crystalline solids are ones in which the particles are arranged in
one of several different orderly, repeating, geometric patterns.
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(h) Electrolytes are ionic or very polar compounds which dissolve to
form solutions of ions which conduct an electric current.
(i) Fluids are substances like liquids and gases which have no fixed
shape and so they flow.
(j) Ionization is the splitting of molecules to form ions.
(k) Molality is a term which expresses concentration in moles of
solute present per kilogram of solvent.
(l) Molarity is a term which expresses concentration in moles of
solute present per liter of solution.
(m) Nonelectrolytes are compounds which dissolve to form solutions
of molecules which do not conduct an electric current.
(n) Phase is any state of matter such as solid, liquid or gas.
(o) Strong electrolytes are solutes that ionize completely.
(p) Sublimation is the conversion of a solid directly to the gas state.
(q) Surface tension is the force that causes a liquid which is in
contact with a gas like air to assume a shape that has the least
amount of surface area causing the surface to act like a thin elastic
sheet.
(r) Triple point is the temperature and pressure at which the solid,
liquid and gas phases can coexist.
(s) Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor molecules above a
liquid.
(t) Weak electrolytes are solutes that only partially ionize.
Question 2
What rule is used to predict the solubility of materials? [Show Less]