Chapter 5 Kaplan MCAT Biology
Exam 2023-2024
what hormones does the pancreas produce - Correct Answer-insulin and glucagon
insulin - Correct
... [Show More] Answer-produced by the pancreas
-induces the transport of glucose into organs and storage of excess glucose when blood glucose
concentrations are high
glucagon - Correct Answer-produced by the pancreas
-triggers the release of sugar stores to increase blood glucose concentrations
type I diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer-autoimmune disease in which insulin-producing cells (beta) in the
islets of Langerhans are destroyed --> low or absent insulin production
blood glucose concentrations rise to dangerous levels, which can cause significant damage to organs
type II diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer-receptor-level insensitivity to insulin
blood glucose concentrations rise to dangerous levels, which can cause significant damage to organs
partially inherited, partially due to environmental factors
for both type I and II diabetes, what other organs can be damaged from high blood glucose? - Correct
Answer-retina of the eye, glomeruli of the kidney, coronary vessels of heart, cerebral vessels of the brain,
and peripheral nerves
glands - Correct Answer-endocrine organs that secrete hormones
hormones - Correct Answer-signaling molecules secreted directly into the bloodstream to distant target
tissues, where they bind to receptors to induce a change in gene expression or cellular function
3 classifications of hormones - Correct Answer-peptides, steroids, or amino-acid derivatives
peptide hormones - Correct Answer-made up of amino acids
-derived from larger precursor polypeptides that are cleaved
how are peptide hormones released - Correct Answer-exocytosis in vesicles
can peptide hormones pass through the plasma membrane? - Correct Answer-no, they are charged, so
they must bind to an extracellular receptor
first messenger - Correct Answer-peptide hormone binds to receptor and triggers transmission of a second
messenger
signaling cascade - Correct Answer-Connection between the hormone at the surface and the effect brought
about by second messengers within the cell
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