Chapter 41- Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance (practice questions)
Correct Review 2023 A+
1. Approximately two thirds of the bodys total water
... [Show More] volume exists in the _____ fluid.
a.
Intracellular
b.
Interstitial
c.
Intravascular
d.
Transcellular - a.
Intracellular
ANS: A
Intracellular fluid accounts for approximately two thirds of the fluids in the bodyabout
42% of total body weight. Interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, and transcellular fluid
constitute extracellular fluid, which is the fluid outside a cell.
2. The process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to
an area of higher particle concentration is known as
a.
Hydrolysis.
b.
Osmosis.
c.
Filtration.
d.
Active transport. - b.
Osmosis
ANS: B
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of
higher particle concentration is known as osmosis. Hydrolysis is not a term related to
fluid and electrolyte balance. Filtration is mediated by fluid pressure from an area of
higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Active transport requires metabolic activity
and is not passive.
3. The nurse knows that edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart
failure is facilitated by an imbalance with regard to _____ pressure.
a.
Hydrostatic
b.
Osmotic
c.
Oncotic
d.
Concentration - a.
Hydrostatic
ANS: A
Venous congestion increases capillary hydrostatic pressure. Increased hydrostatic
pressure causes edema by causing increased movement of fluid into the interstitial
area. Osmotic and oncotic pressures involve the concentrations of solutes and can
contribute to edema in other situations. Concentration pressure is not a nursing term.
4. The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift
water from the _____ to the _____ space.
a.
Intracellular; extracellular
b.
Extracellular; intracellular
c.
Intravascular; intracellular
d.
Intravascular; interstitial - a.
Intracellular; extracellular
ANS: A
A hypertonic solution has a concentration greater than normal body fluids, so water will
shift out of cells because of the osmotic pull of the extra particles. Movement of water
into cells occurs when hypotonic fluids are administered. Distribution of fluid between
intravascular and interstitial spaces occurs by filtration, the net sum of hydrostatic and
osmotic pressures.
5. Which patient is most at risk for sensible water loss?
a.
A 7-year-old child with asthma
b.
A 24-year-old adult with constipation
c.
A 56-year-old patient with gastroenteritis
d.
An 80-year-old patient with pneumonia - d.
An 80-year-old patient with pneumonia
ANS: D
Sensible water loss consists of fluids lost from the skin through visible perspiration, such
as with a resolving fever related to pneumonia. Asthma would be insensible water loss
through respiration. Gastroenteritis causes diarrhea with its large volume loss.
Constipation does not affect fluid loss.
6. The nurse knows that the most abundant cation in the blood is
a.
Sodium.
b.
Potassium.
c.
Chloride.
d.
Magnesium. - a.
Sodium
ANS: A
Sodium is the most abundant cation in the blood. Potassium is the predominant
intracellular cation. Chloride is an anion (negatively charged) rather then a cation
(positively charged). Magnesium is found predominantly inside cells and in bone.
7. The nurse receives the patients most recent blood work results. Which laboratory
value is of greatest concern?
a.
Sodium of 145 mEq/L
b.
Calcium of 17.5 mg/dL
c.
Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L
d.
Chloride of 100 mEq/L - b.
Calcium of 17.5 mg/dL
ANS: B
Normal calcium range is 8.5 mg/dL to 10.5 mg/dL; therefore, a value of 17.5 mg/dL is
abnormally high and of concern. The rest of the laboratory values are within their normal
ranges: sodium 135 to 145 mEq/L; potassium 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L; chloride 98 to 106
mEq/L.
8. The nurse would expect a patient with increased levels of serum calcium to also have
_____ levels.
a.
Increased potassium
b.
Decreased phosphate
c.
Decreased sodium
d.
Increased magnesium - b.
Decreased phosphate
ANS: B
Serum calcium and phosphate have an inverse relationship. When one is elevated, the
other decreases, except in some patients with end-stage renal disease. Increased
serum calcium would not necessarily cause changes in levels of potassium, sodium, or
magnesium.
9. The nurse knows that an imbalance of which ion causes acid-base impairment?
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