1. Which are characteristics of the physical development of a 30-month-old child?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Birth weight has doubled.
b. Primary
... [Show More] dentition is complete.
c. Sphincter control is achieved.
d. Anterior fontanel is open.
e. Length from birth is doubled. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: B, C
Usually by age 30 months, the primary dentition of 20 teeth is completed, and the child
has sphincter control in preparation for bowel and bladder control. A doubling of birth
weight, opening of the anterior fontanel, and doubling of length are not characteristic of
the physical development of a 30-month-old child.
1. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as
otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections?
a. Respirations are abdominal.
b. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy.
c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy.
d. The presence of short, straight internal ear/throat structures and large tonsil/adenoid
lymph tissue. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D
Toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants. The lymphoid
tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic
conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections. The abdominal
respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not affect their
susceptibility to infection. The defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with
those of infancy.
10. In the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child
how to make a tower out of blocks. In this situation the nurse should recognize that fact
about this task.
a. Blocks at this age are used primarily for throwing.
b. Toddlers are too young to imitate the behavior of others.
c. Toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks.
d. Toddlers are too young to build a tower of blocks. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: C
This is a good parent-child interaction. The 18 month old is capable of building a tower
of 3 or 4 blocks. The ability to build towers of blocks usually begins at age 15 months.
With ongoing development, the child is able to build taller towers. At this age, children
imitate others around them and no longer throw blocks.
11. The parents of a newborn say that their toddler "hates the baby and suggested that
we put the baby in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away." What is the
nurse's best response to the parent's concern?
a. "Let's see if we can figure out why your toddler hates the new baby."
b. "That's a strong statement to come from such a small child."
c. "Let's refer your child to counseling to work this hatred out. It's not a normal
response."
d. "That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let's look at ways to deal with
this." - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D
The arrival of a new infant represents a crisis for even the best-prepared toddler.
Toddlers have their entire schedule and routines disrupted because of the new family
member. The nurse should work with parents on ways to involve the toddler in the
newborn's care and help focus attention on the toddler. The toddler does not hate the
infant. This is an expected response to the changes in routines and attention that affect
the toddler. This is a normal response. The toddler can be provided with a doll to tend to
its needs when the parent is performing similar care for the newborn.
12. A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums.
What intervention is the most appropriate recommendation?
a. Punish the child with an age appropriate punishment.
b. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over.
c. Ignore the behavior, provided that it is not injurious.
d. Explain to child that this is wrong. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: C [Show Less]