Chapter 3: Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues 1) When cancer develops in one tissue and spreads to another via the blood or the lymph, the cancer is said
... [Show More] to have undergone what process? A) differentiation B) metastasis C) cytokinesis D) mutation Answer: B 2) The space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as the A) peritoneal cavity. B) lumen. C) extracellular space. D) epidural space. E) tract. Answer: B 3) The lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the _______ environment. A) internal B) external Answer: B 4) The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) cytoplasm. E) plasma. Answer: C 5) Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) a cell wall B) a cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) plasmalemma E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A 6) Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins? A) respond to extracellular molecules B) creating junctions between cells C) act as transport molecules for various solutes D) anchor or stabilize the cell membrane E) produce energy Answer: E 7) Cell membranes are said to be A) impermeable barrier. B) freely permeable barrier. C) selectively permeable barrier. D) only permeable to water soluble molecules. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 1 of 19 contact: [email protected] 8) What is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer in the cellular membrane? A) the absorption of fats only B) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules only C) to provide a framework for membrane proteins only D) to carry water-soluble molecules through a hydrophobic environment only E) the formation of a barrier that is a selective for lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins Answer: E 9) Which of the following is NOT a membrane lipid? A) sphingolipids B) cholesterol C) phospholipids D) All are membrane lipids. Answer: D 10) Which structure is a lipid bilayer that controls which objects can leave or enter the cell? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) nucleus D) plasma membrane E) ribosome Answer: D 11) A liposome is A) only an additive to creams and lotions. B) only a drug-delivery vehicle. C) only a type of lipid. D) only a structural component of cell membranes. E) an additive to creams and lotions and a drug-delivery vehicle. Answer: E 12) An immunoliposome is a liposome that A) suppresses the immune system. B) stimulates the immune system. C) can recognize cancer cells. D) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C 13) Intermediate filaments A) provide the cell with strength. B) stabilize the position of organelles. C) transport materials within the cytoplasm. D) form the neurofilaments in nerve cells. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 14) Which proteins assist in the movement of vesicles along microtubules? A) kinesins B) mitochondria C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) ribosomes E) Golgi complex Answer: A Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 2 of 19 15) Which of the following is an example of a membranous organelle? A) lysosome B) cilia C) centriole D) ribosome E) cytoskeleton Answer: A 16) The thickest protein fibers from the following group are A) microtubules. B) neurofilaments. C) microfilaments. D) myosin molecules. E) keratin filaments. Answer: A 17) Ribosomal RNA is formed by A) the endoplasmic reticulum. B) Golgi complexes. C) lysosomes. D) mitochondria. E) nucleoli. Answer: E 18) Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) The mitochondrial cristae form the inner membrane forming separate compartments. B) The matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production. C) The intermembrane space plays an important role in mitochondrial ATP production. D) The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA. E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP. Answer: D 19) In humans, only _____ cells have flagella: A) respiratory tract lining B) intestine lining C) stomach lining D) sperm E) uterine tube lining Answer: D 20) Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective A) mitochondria. B) Golgi bodies. C) lysosomes. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: C 21) Microvilli are found A) mostly in muscle cells. B) on the inside of cell membranes. Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 3 of 19 C) in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones. D) in cells that are actively engaged in absorption. E) only on cells lining the reproductive tract. Answer: D 22) Microtubules A) are composed of tubulin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) form cilia that aid in cell movement. D) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 23) Centrioles A) function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell. B) direct the movement of DNA during cell division. C) hold the cell's ribosomes in place. D) are white blood cells out of vessels. E) provide shape and stability to a cell. Answer: B 24) Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the A) ribosomes. B) endoplasmic reticulum. C) nucleus. D) mitochondria. E) Golgi apparatus. Answer: D 25) Which does NOT accurately complete the sentence? One of the major functions of BOTH types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the A) synthesis of biomolecules. B) storage of genetic material for the cell. C) transport of biomolecules. D) storage of biomolecules. Answer: B 26) All of the following are synthesized along various sites of the endoplasmic reticulum EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) proteins B) fatty acids C) steroids D) RNA E) phospholipids Answer: D 27) Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) fatty acids B) steroids C) proteins D) lipids E) All are synthesized in the SER. Answer: C 28) Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 4 of 19 A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondria D) nucleoli E) Golgi apparatus Answer: A 29) All of the structures listed below are involved in storage, EXCEPT A) lysosomes. B) peroxisomes. C) mitochondrial cristae. D) storage vesicles. E) All are involved in cellular storage. Answer: C 30) The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to the A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage. B) Golgi complex for packaging. C) lysosome for modification. D) cell membrane for secretion. E) nucleus for cellular use. Answer: B 31) If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to A) synthesize lipids. B) produce enzymes. C) digest cellular wastes and bacteria. D) destroy H2O2. E) transport water-soluble molecules. Answer: C 32) Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes? A) air B) water C) acid D) enzymes E) base Answer: C 33) Peroxisomes A) use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell. B) are a type of lysosome. C) are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles. D) are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. E) All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes. Answer: A 34) The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is adipose (fat) cells. A) greater than B) less than C) equal to Answer: A 35) The control center for cellular operations is the Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 5 of 19 A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) Golgi complex. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) ribosomes. Answer: A 36) The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, a protein-based hormone. Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) microvilli D) lysosomes Answer: B 37) If the adrenal cortex produces lipid-based hormones such as aldosterone, which organelle would be higher in cells of the adrenal cortex than in the adrenal medulla? A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondria C) ribosome D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum Answer: E 38) The nucleus stores all the information needed to synthesize which of the following molecules? A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) phospholipids E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 39) The term secretion refers to A) the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space. B) synthesis of a protein for export from the cell. C) the manufacture and assembly of a material. D) storage of a material, until it is time for it to leave the cell. E) None of the answers describe secretion. Answer: A 40) Which cellular organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell because it produces most of the ATP? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) nucleus E) ribosome Answer: C 41) Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence. 1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. A secretory vesicle is formed. 3. A transport vesicle is formed. 4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex. Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 6 of 19 A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 1, 3, 4, 2 D) 4, 3, 1, 2 E) 3, 1, 4, 2 Answer: C 42) Movement of material between cells is known as the pathway. A) transcellular B) paracellular C) metacellular D) transendothelial E) cisendothelial Answer: B 43) All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) loose junctions E) adherens junctions Answer: D 44) The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It does not secrete any enzymes or absorb any nutrients, but it does need to stand up to significant friction and stress. The type of epithelium most likely lining the esophagus would be A) cuboidal epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) simple columnar epithelium. D) stratified squamous epithelium. E) transitional epithelium. Answer: D 45) The type of protein found in gap junctions is the A) claudin. B) occludin. C) cadherin. D) connexin. E) integrin. Answer: D 46) Disappearance of which type of junction most likely contributes to the metastasis of cancer cells throughout the body? A) gap B) tight C) anchoring Answer: C 47) The types of junction proteins important in nerve growth and development are A) claudins. Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 7 of 19 B) occludins. C) CAMs. D) connexins. E) integrins. Answer: C 48) Each of the following is a primary tissue type EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue Answer: C 49) Functions of epithelia include all of the following EXCEPT A) providing physical protection. B) controlling permeability. C) producing specialized secretions. D) storing energy reserves. E) movement. Answer: D 50) Epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions and nutrients, usually have _ on their apical surface. A) mitochondria B) cilia or flagella C) microvilli D) junctional complexes E) vesicles Answer: C 51) Epithelia are connected to underlying connective tissues by A) a basement membrane only. B) protein filaments embedded in glycoprotein only. C) a basal lamina only. D) an apical membrane and protein filaments embedded in proteoglycans only. E) a basement membrane, protein filaments embedded in proteoglycans, and a basal lamina. Answer: E 52) Glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are A) endocrine glands. B) mixed glands. C) exocrine glands. D) unicellular glands. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A 53) Exocrine glands A) may make either mucous or serous secretions. B) release their secretions into the external environment. C) release their secretions through open tubes, called ducts. D) may work as single cells or as a multicellular organ. E) All of the statements are true. Answer: E Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 8 of 19 54) Every substance that enters or leaves the internal environment of the body must cross an epithelium. A) True B) False Answer: A 55) Due to the fact that they divide frequently, epithelia are prone to the genetic mutations associated with cancer. A) True B) False Answer: A 56) The function of microvilli, often seen on the apical membrane of transporting epithelia, is to A) increase the movement of extracellular fluid. B) increase the resistance of the cell to viruses. C) increase the cell's surface area. D) increase the toughness of the cell. E) allow the cell to move through a fluid medium. Answer: C 57) The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called A) basolateral epithelium. B) endothelium. C) luteal cells. D) the vasa recta. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B 58) Which type of tissue below has minimal extracellular matrix? A) epithelial only B) connective only C) neural only D) muscle only E) epithelial, neural, and muscle Answer: E 59) Functions of connective tissue include A) establishing a structural framework for the body. B) transporting fluids and dissolved materials. C) providing protection for delicate organs. D) storing energy reserves. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 60) Cells that store fat are called A) fibroblasts. B) liposomes. C) adipocytes. D) mast cells. E) melanocytes. Answer: C 61) Loose connective tissue functions in A) supporting small glands. B) supporting epithelia. C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves. D) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 9 of 19 62) Plasma is not A) a dilute solution of ions and dissolved organic molecules. B) the fluid portion of blood. C) a subdivision of the ECF. D) considered an extracellular matrix. E) a sticky solution containing glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Answer: E 63) The term meaning "programmed cell death" is A) necrosis. B) apoptosis. C) oncogenesis. D) diuresis. E) cytocide. Answer: B 64) The term meaning "a mitotic population of cells that persists into adulthood" applies to A) stem cells. B) totipotent cells. C) apoptosis. D) nurse cells. E) gametocytes. Answer: A 65) Groups of tissues that carry out related functions may form structures known as A) cells. B) organs. C) organelles. D) organisms. E) Impossible to tell from the information given. Answer: B 66) The heaviest organ in the body is the A) liver. B) brain. C) skin. D) stomach. E) urinary bladder. Answer: C 67) This organelle is the site of most ATP synthesis in the cell. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes Answer: D 68) These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 10 of 19 E) peroxisomes Answer: E 69) This is the digestive system of a cell, degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes Answer: C 70) This modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes Answer: B 71) The simplest cell-cell junction is called a(n) A) gap junction. B) tight junction. C) anchoring junction. D) desmosome. E) neuromuscular junction. Answer: A 72) This junction contributes to the blood-brain barrier. A) gap junction B) tight junction C) anchoring junction D) desmosome E) neuromuscular junction Answer: B 73) These junctions can be cell-matrix junctions. A) gap junction B) tight junction C) anchoring junction D) connexin E) neuromuscular junction Answer: C 74) The loss of these junctions are a characteristic of cancer. A) gap junction B) tight junction C) anchoring junction D) claudin constructed junction E) neuromuscular junction Answer: C 75) This tissue is made up of adipocytes. A) cartilage Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 11 of 19 B) bone C) dense, irregular connective tissue D) fat E) dense, regular connective tissue Answer: D 76) Fibroblasts that secrete collagen-rich matrix dominants this tissue. A) cartilage B) bone C) loose connective tissue D) fat E) blood Answer: C 77) Chondrocytes secrete a firm but flexible matrix to form what tissue? A) cartilage B) bone C) loose connective tissue D) fat E) blood Answer: A 78) An osteocyte is the main cell type in which of the following? A) cartilage B) adipose C) loose connective tissue D) blood E) bone Answer: E 79) Which of the following plays a role in temperature regulation in infants? A) cartilage B) brown fat C) collagen D) bone E) white fat Answer: B 80) Nucleoli function in the production of A) peroxisomes. B) secretory vesicles. C) RNA for ribosomes. D) DNA that controls all cell functions. E) proteins. Answer: C 81) Cell membranes are said to be because they allow some substances to pass but not others. A) hydrophilic B) a physical barrier C) structural D) selectively permeable E) metabolically active Answer: D Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 12 of 19 82) The nucleus is surrounded by a(n) A) plasmalemma. B) nuclear envelope. C) cell wall. D) protein coat. E) adhesion molecule. Answer: B 83) Communication between the nucleus and cytosol occurs through A) plasmalemma. B) desmosomes. C) sodium channels. D) nuclear pores. E) nucleoli. Answer: D 84) Cells are transformed into specialized units during A) differentiation. B) mitosis. C) apoptosis. D) transcription. E) programed cell death. Answer: A 85) The lining of the heart is called A) transporting epithelium. B) ciliated epithelium. C) protective epithelium. D) endothelium. E) secretory epithelium. Answer: D 86) is the extracellular component of connective tissues. A) Cytoplasm B) Blood C) Mucous D) Cartilage E) Ground substance Answer: E 87) The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as A) cytoplasm. B) extracellular matrix. C) blood. D) mucous. E) micelles. Answer: B 88) The fluid substance of blood is called A) interstitial fluid. B) cytoplasm. C) peroxide. D) endothelium. E) plasma. Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 13 of 19 Answer: E 89) The study of tissue structure and function is called A) histology. B) plasticity. C) differentiation. D) physiology. E) remodeling. Answer: A 90) Structures composed of epithelial cells that produce secretions are called A) nuclear pores. B) cell junctions. C) glands. D) ducts. E) micelles. Answer: C 91) is a tissue that is modified to transmit chemical and electrical signals from one cell to another. A) Endothelium B) Neural tissue C) Connective tissue D) Exocrine tissue E) Epithelia tissue Answer: B 92) secretions are released onto an epithelial surface. A) Nuclear B) Hormonal C) Microtubular D) Exocrine E) Endocrine Answer: D 93) secretions are released into interstitial space to diffuse into the blood. A) Endocrine B) Exocrine C) Mucous D) Serous E) Ribosomal Answer: A 94) proteins extend all the way across the cell membrane. A) Nuclear B) Transmembrane C) Cytoskeletal D) Peripheral E) Glycolipid Answer: B 95) proteins attach loosely to other membrane proteins or polar regions of phospholipids. A) Nuclear B) Transmembrane C) Cytoskeletal Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 14 of 19 D) Peripheral E) Glycolipid Answer: D 96) is a protective layer made up of mostly membrane carbohydrates. A) Epidermis B) Glycocalyx C) Connective tissue D) Focal Adhesion E) Cadherin Answer: B 105) Which of the following cytoskeleton components are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) thick filaments D) microtubules E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D 106) A flagellum moves a cell through a fluid medium. What moves the fluid medium across the surface of cells that are not free to move? A) centrioles B) thick filaments C) cilia D) ribosomes E) endoplasmic reticulum Answer: C 107) Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding mitochondria? A) The outer mitochondrial membrane is responsible for its shape. B) The intermembrane space is used in the production of ATP. C) Mitochondria contain their own DNA and RNA. D) Mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cell's nuclear DNA. E) Mitochondria are responsible for providing energy to the cell. Answer: D 108) Plasma is to blood as is to cytoplasm. A) inclusion B) organelle C) protein D) cytosol E) serum Answer: D 109) Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following would be a likely product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein (peptide) hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies Answer: B 110) In a pancreatic cell producing digestive enzyme, you would expect to find an elaborate Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 15 of 19 A) rough endoplasmic reticulum. B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Answer: A 111) Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to A) blood. B) epithelium. C) fat. D) bone. E) neural tissue. Answer: D 112) The tissue(s) that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate electrical signals is/are called: A) muscle B) neural C) epithelial D) muscle tissue and neural E) muscle tissue, neural tissue, and epithelial Answer: D 115) The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is A) that it is arranged in sheets of tissue that lie on body surfaces. B) that it is always dividing, constantly being replaced throughout the body. C) the presence of extensive extracellular matrix containing widely scattered cells. D) the collagen fibers that offer support. E) All of these characteristics help make connective tissue unique. Answer: C 116) Which type of connective tissue does NOT fit with the typical characteristic of a dense ground substance? A) cartilage B) bone C) blood D) adipose E) tendons Answer: C 117) Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels, and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably A) epithelium. B) muscle tissue. C) connective tissue. D) neural tissue. E) fat tissue. Answer: A 118) Increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase ones use of energy. Why is this? A) Fat is a connective tissue and not an excitable one. B) Muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells. C) Adipocytes contain more cytoplasmic inclusions. D) Fat cells have no blood supply. Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 16 of 19 Answer: B 119) Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals an open framework of fibers with a large volume of fluid ground substance and elastic fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the A) inner wall of a blood vessel. B) muscle C) larynx. D) tissue that separates skin from underlying muscle. E) bony socket of the eye. Answer: D 120) Mature nerve and muscle cells are expected to lack which organelle(s)? A) nucleus B) endoplasmic reticulum C) centrioles D) ribosomes E) Golgi bodies Answer: C 121) Neurons in the CNS of the adult don't contain centrioles. What does that tell you about CNS neurons? A) They don't produce any products. B) It doesn't tell you much of anything. C) They don't replicate themselves. D) They don't carry nerve impulses. Answer: C 122) Only totipotent stem cells are capable of producing new cells in an adult. A) True B) False Answer: B 123) A lysosome is considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) transmembrane protein C) inclusion D) cytoskeletal protein E) glycolipid Answer: A 124) Mitochondria are considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) transmembrane protein C) inclusion D) cytoskeletal protein E) glycolipid Answer: A 125) A ribosome is considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) transmembrane protein C) inclusion D) cytoskeletal protein E) glycolipid Answer: C Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 17 of 19 126) Cilia are considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) adheren C) inclusion D) mitochondrial protein E) protein fiber Answer: E 127) The endoplasmic reticulum is considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) adheren C) inclusion D) mitochondrial protein E) glycocalyx Answer: A 128) This type of epithelia is found in the epidermis, esophagus, and mouth, and these stacked layers of cells prevent exchange, while they resist chemicals, bacteria, and other destructive forces. A) exchange B) transport C) ciliated D) protective E) secretory Answer: D 129) This type of epithelia actively and selectively regulates the exchange of nongaseous material, such as ions and nutrients, and can be regulated in response to various stimuli. A) exchange B) transport C) ciliated D) protective E) secretory Answer: B 130) This type of epithelia is composed of thin, flattened cells that allow the rapid passage of O2 and CO2 in and out of the lungs and of certain blood vessels. A) exchange B) transport C) ciliated D) protective E) secretory Answer: A 131) This type of epithelia has cells that produce a substance and release it, either onto a surface or into the blood. A) exchange B) transport C) ciliated D) protective E) secretory Answer: E 132) This type of epithelia is composed of cells with membrane extensions that beat in a coordinated fashion to move fluid and particles across the tissue. A) exchange B) transport Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 18 of 19 C) ciliated D) protective E) secretory Answer: C Chapter 3 – Compartmentation: Cells & Tissues Page 19 of 19 [Show Less]