Which bacteria is often the cause of stomach ulcers?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Helicobacter pylori
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Streptococcus
... [Show More] pneumoniae
ANS: B
Research has shown that 80% to 90% of gastric ulcers are caused by infection with the
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. H. pylori infection is present in 20% to 30% of
people in the United States. Some people experience no signs or symptoms, whereas others
develop ulcers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 374
2. Which problem indicates a gastric ulcer is getting worse?
a. Gaining weight
b. Abdominal gas
c. Frequent diarrhea
d. Blood in the stools
ANS: D
A major sign that indicates an ulcer is getting worse is blood in stools. Other signs are listed in
Box 23-2 in the text.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 376, Box 23-2
3. What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
a. Heartburn
b. Drowsiness
c. Constipation
d. Bloody sputum
ANS: A
The most common symptom of GERD is dyspepsia (heartburn). Other common symptoms
include sour or bitter taste; bitter stomach fluid going into the mouth, especially during sleep;
hoarseness; water brash (regurgitation of watery acid from the stomach); a repeated need to
clear the throat; difficulty swallowing food or liquid; wheezing or coughing at night; and
worsening of symptoms after eating or when bending over or lying down.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 376
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4. Which drug used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD) is a histamine H2 blocker?
a. Metoclopramide (Reglan)
b. Esomeprazole (Nexium)
c. Famotidine (Pepcid)
d. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
ANS: C
Histamine H2 blockers decrease the secretion of gastric acid. Famotidine is an example of this
class of drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 379
5. Which activity interferes with the action of histamine H2 blockers?
a. Going to bed late
b. Smoking cigarettes
c. Eating dairy products
d. Taking oral contraceptives
ANS: B
Smoking interferes with the action of histamine H2 blockers so encourage patients to quit
smoking.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 380
6. How do proton pump inhibitors work to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)?
a. Forming a thick stomach coating
b. Neutralizing acids in the stomach
c. Blocking the production of stomach acid
d. Decreasing the stimulation of H2 receptors
ANS: C
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work by completely blocking the production of stomach acid.
These drugs block the action of “pumps” located in acid-secreting cells, which totally blocks
stomach acid secretion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 381
7. What is the common side effect of antacids containing calcium or aluminum?
a. Allergies
b. Bleeding
c. Constipation
d. Decreased urine output
ANS: C
Side effects of antacids are very rare when they are taken as directed. The most common side
effect of antacids containing calcium or aluminum salts is constipation. The most common
side effect of antacids containing magnesium salts is diarrhea.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 383
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8. Which drug forms a protective coating over an ulcer but does not coat normal stomach
mucosa?
a. Sucralfate (Carafate)
b. Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
c. Metoclopramide (Reglan)
d. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
ANS: A
Sucralfate (Carafate) forms a protective coating over an ulcer but does not coat normal
stomach mucosa.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 385
9. Which antibiotic should be prescribed for H. pylori infection?
a. Penicillin (Pen V)
b. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
c. Erythromycin (Erythrocin)
d. Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
ANS: D
Antibiotics are essential to the treatment plan for PUD and are used to treat H. pylori
infections of the GI tract. Clarithromycin is an example of a drug used to treat H. pylori
infection.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 375
10. Which protective mechanism by the stomach protects it from stomach acids and the formation
of gastric ulcers?
a. Buffers such as bicarbonate neutralize stomach acids.
b. The stomach secretes a thick gel-like mucus to coat itself.
c. Acid secretion is decreased when food is not present in the stomach.
d. Stomach secretions such as lipase digest foods and protect the stomach.
ANS: B
The stomach secretes a thick gel-like mucus that coats and protects it from contact with
stomach acids. Acid production is usually balanced by mucous secretion. When acid
production exceeds mucous production, the risk for tissue damage and ulcer formation
increases.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 374
11. Which symptoms are associated with gastric ulcers?
a. Constant bloating and diarrhea
b. Shortness of breath in any position
c. Burning pain that is relieved by eating
d. Lower abdominal pain that is relieved by moving the bowels
ANS: C
The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is burning, gnawing pain caused by stomach
acid coming into contact with the open wound (ulcer). It often occurs when the stomach is
empty and can be relieved by eating foods that buffer stomach acids or by taking a drug that
reduces stomach acid such as an antacid.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering R [Show Less]