Chapter 17: Drug Therapy for Diabetes
Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the main role of insulin
... [Show More] in the body?
a. Conversion of complex carbohydrates into glucose
b. Movement of glucose from blood into the cells
c. Prevention of kidney excretion of glucose
d. Prevention of the formation off at cells
ANS: B
Many body cells have membranes that do not allow glucose to move into the cells to
participate in metabolism. When insulin binds to membrane insulin receptors, the
membranes become more open to glucose, allowing it to enter.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
2. In what way does insulin work to lower blood glucose levels?
a. Enhancing the enzymes that break down glucose
b. Helping glucose to move from the blood into cells
c. Converting glucose into proteins in the liver and brain
d. Converting glycogen into glucose in the liver and brain
ANS: B
When insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells, the cells’ membranes become more open
(permeable) to glucose and glucose transport proteins in the cell membranes become more
active. The overall result is movement of glucose into the cells, which lowers blood glucose
levels.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
3. Which term means an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level?
a. Glycogen
b. Euglycemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hyperglycemia
ANS: D
Glycogen is a stored form of human carbohydrate. Euglycemia means a blood sugar level
within the normal range. Hypoglycemia is a lower than normal blood sugar level.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
4. Which hormone has an action opposite to the action of insulin?
a. Glycogen
b. Glucagon
c. HemoglobinA1c
d. Adenosine triphosphate
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ANS: B
Glucagon, which is known as the hormone of starvation, is secreted from the alpha cells of
the pancreas when blood glucose levels are lower than normal. Glucagon goes to the liver
and triggers the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the blood, raising the
blood glucose level. These actions are exactly the opposite of insulin’s actions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
5. What is the main reason that insulin is needed as drug therapy for people who have type 1
diabetes?
a. The beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
b. The alpha cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
c. The beta cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
d. The alpha cells of the pancr [Show Less]