MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth?
a. Malignant
... [Show More] tumor
b. Lipoma
c. Meningioma
d. Hypertrophy
ANS: A
Some tumors initially described as benign can progress to cancer and then are referred to as malignant tumors. Lipomas are benign growths, while a meningioma is a benign tumor.
Hypertrophy refers to tissue overgrowth, but not cancer.
REF: p. 234
2. Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?
a. Grows slowly
b. Has a well-defined capsule
c. Cells vary in size and shape
d. Is well differentiated
ANS: C
Malignant tumors have cells that vary in both size and shape, and they grow rapidly. They are poorly differentiated and not encapsulated.
REF: p. 234
3. A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
a. Tumor in differentiation
b. Dysplastic
c. Cancer in situ
d. Cancer beyond (meta) situ
ANS: C
Early-stage growths that are localized to the epithelium and have not invaded are called cancer in situ. Cancer in situ is early-stage growth and not a tumor in differentiation but is more mature growth. Dysplastic cells do not define cancer in situ.
REF: p. 234
4. A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue. What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?
a. Carcinoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Sarcoma
d. Lymphoma
ANS: B
Tumors that arise from or form ductal or glandular structures are named adenocarcinomas. Cancers arising in epithelial tissue are called carcinomas; mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone) usually have the suffix sarcoma; lymphatic tissue are called lymphomas.
REF: p. 234
5. A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
ANS: C
Cancer that has spread to regional structures, such as lymph nodes, is stage 3. Cancer confined to the organ of origin is stage 1. Cancer that is locally invasive is stage 2. Cancer that has spread to distant sites, such as a liver cancer spreading to lung or a prostate cancer spreading to bone, is stage 4.
REF: p. 259, Figure 10-22
6. An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist describing?
a. Autonomy
b. Anaplasia
c. Pleomorphic
d. Metastasis
ANS: B
Anaplasia, not autonomy, is the loss of differentiation. The term pleomorphic refers to a marked variability of size and shape. A malignant tumor has the ability to spread far beyond the tissue of origin by the process of metastasis.
REF: p. 234
7. A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker. Which of the following could be a possible marker?
a. Red blood cells
b. Apoptotic cells
c. Enzymes
d. Neurotransmitters [Show Less]