CH 65 PrepU MEDSURG
Chapter 65: Assessment of Neurologic Function
Question 1 See full question
A male patient is scheduled for an EEG. The patient
... [Show More] inquires about any diet-related prerequisites that he must take. Which of
the following diet-related advice should the nurse provide to the patient?
Avoid taking sedative drugs or drinks that contain caffeine for at least 8 hours prior to the test
Explanation:
The patient is advised to refrain from taking sedative drugs or drinks that contain caffeine for at least 8 hours prior to the test
because these may interfere with the EEG test result. The patient is not advised to increase or decrease the intake of minerals
in the diet.
Question 2 See full question
Which of the following cerebral lobes contains the auditory receptive areas?
Temporal
Explanation:
The temporal lobe plays the most dominant role of any area of the cortex in cerebration. The frontal lobe, the largest lobe,
controls concentration, abstract thought, information storage or memory, and motor function. The parietal lobe contains the
primary sensory cortex, which analyzes sensory information and relays interpretation to the thalamus and other cortical
areas. The occipital lobe is responsible for visual interpretation.
Reference:
Hinkle, J.L., and Cheever, K.H. Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, 2014, Chapter 65: Assessment of Neurologic Function, p. 1911.
Question 3 See full question
What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?
Cerebellum
Explanation:
The cerebellum, which is located behind and below the cerebrum, controls and coordinates muscle movement. Options B,
C ,and D are incorrect.
Question 4 See full question
In reviewing a client's history and physical examination, a nurse finds that the client was found positive for ataxia during the
physician's neurological testing. Which nursing diagnosis will be a priority for this client?
Risk for falls
Explanation:
Ataxia means incoordination of voluntary muscle action, particularly involving those muscles used in walking. This client will
be at risk for falls. There is no indication that this client has a risk for infection, low fluid volume, or autonomic dysreflexia.
Question 5 See full question
A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and so is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator
support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?
Brain stem
Explanation:
The brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata (see Fig. 65-2). Portions of the pons help regulate
respiration. Motor fibers from the brain to the spinal cord and sensory fibers from the spinal cord to the brain are located in
the medulla. Reflex centers for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and sneezing are
located in the medulla.
Question 1 See full question
Which of the following terms refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking?
Ataxia
Explanation:
Ataxia is the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking. Agnosia is the loss of ability to recognize
objects through a particular sensory system. Spasticity is the sustained increase in tension of a muscle when it is passively
lengthened or stretched.
Question 2 See full question
The nurse is assisting with a lumbar puncture and observes that when the physician obtains CSF, it is clear and colorless.
What does this finding indicate?
A normal finding; the fluid will be sent for testing to determine other factors
Explanation:
The CSF should be clear and colorless. Pink, blood-tinged, or grossly bloody CSF may indicate a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The CSF may be bloody initially because of local trauma but becomes clearer as more fluid is drained. Specimens are
obtained for cell count, culture, glucose, protein, and other tests as indicated. The specimens should be sent to the laboratory
immediately because changes will take place and alter the result if the specimens are allowed to stand.
Question 3 See full question
A patient is scheduled for an electroencephalogram (EEG) in the morning. What food on the patient’s tray should the nurse
remove prior to the test?
Coffee
Explanation:
Antiseizure agents, tranquilizers, stimulants, and depressants should be withheld 24 to 48 hours before an EEG, because
these medications can alter the EEG wave patterns or mask the abnormal wave patterns of seizure disorders (Pagana &
Pagana, 2009). Coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola drinks are omitted from the meal before the test because of their stimulating
effect. However, the meal itself is not omitted, because an altered blood glucose level can cause changes in brain wave
patterns.
Question 4 See full question
A client with a suspected brain tumor is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan. What should the nurse do when
preparing the client for this test?
Determine whether the client is allergic to iodine, contrast dyes, or shellfish.
Explanation:
Because CT commonly involves use of a contrast agent, the nurse should determine whether the client is allergic to iodine,
contrast dyes, or shellfish. Neck immobilization is necessary only if the client has a suspected spinal cord injury. Placing a cap
over the client's head may lead to misinterpretation of test results; instead, the hair should be combed smoothly. The
physician orders a sedative only if the client can't be expected to remain still during the CT scan.
Question 5 See full question
Which of the following are sympathetic effects of the nervous system?
Dilated pupils
Explanation:
Dilated pupils are a sympathetic effect of the nervous system. Constricted pupils are a parasympathetic effect. Decreased
blood pressure is a parasympathetic effect. Increased blood pressure is a sympathetic effect. Increased peristalsis is a
parasympathetic effect. Decreased peristalsis is a sympathetic effect. Decreased respiratory rate is a parasympathetic effect.
Increased respiratory rate is a sympathetic effect. [Show Less]