cell bio test 3 latest update A+ graded
They control the expression of signaling receptors How do cells control which signals they are
... [Show More] sensitive to ?
They control which effector proteins they express How do cells control how they respond to a signal ?
Binds directly to the receptor to activate signaling Role in Signaling Signaling molecule
Extracellular at least at some point , can be any type of molecule Special Notes Signaling molecule
Protein that binds to a signaling molecule : relays the signal within the cell Role in Signaling Signal receptor
Protein Special Notes Signal receptor
Activated either directly or indirectly by an activated signal receptor , responsible for carrying out the cellular response to a signal Role in Signaling Effector protein
None Special Notes Effector protein
Formed by select effector proteins to activate secondary effectors; amplify a signal Role in Signaling Second messenger
small molecules Special Notes Second messenger
Activated by second messenger to carry out a cellular response role in signaling Secondary effector protein
none special notes secondary effector protein
signaling molecule, signal receptor, and effector protein used by ALL signaling pathways
second messenger and secondary effector protein used by SOME pathways
1. reception
2. transduction
3. cellular response general steps of cell signaling
Signal binds to receptor Reception
-Signal is relayed within the cell
-Receptor activates effectors , second messengers are formed , secondary effectors are activated . Transduction
-cell activity / behavior changes in response to signal transduction Cellular response
slow Speed of Response Change in gene expression
long Length of Response Change in gene expression
quick Speed of Response Change in protein activity
short Length of Response Change in protein activity
Signal - producing and target cells are distant from one another , so signal must travel through the bloodstream Endocrine
Signal producing and target cells are closer to one another but still separate ; signal must diffuse through tissue Paracrine
signal - producing & target cells are the same cell ; signal is released from cell then comes back & acts on itself Autocrine
signal is attached to the producing cell , so cells must come into contact with each other Contact - dependent
1. endocrine
2. paracrine
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