CCMA NHA Complete Test 2023
CCMA NHA Complete Test 2023
Afebrile
Absence of fever
Chief Complaint
The reason why the patient came to see the
... [Show More] physician
Percussion
This involves tapping or striking the body, usually with fingers or a small hammer
to determine the position, size and density go the underlying organ or tissue
Endocardium
The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and
connective tissue.
Function: Lines the inner cavities of the heart, covers heart valves and is
continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels.
Purkinje fibers are located in the endocardium. They participate in the contraction
of the heart muscle.
Stroke Volume (Preload)
The blood volume ejected outside the ventricle after each contraction. ~ The
volume of the blood returning to the heart. ~ The force of the myocardium
contraction
Ventricular Repolarization
The T Wave. ~ The first wave produced after the QRS Complex. Has the following
characteristics: The deflection produced by the ventricular repolarization. It is
slighty asymmetric. No more than 5 mm in height.
Hematoma
A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form
within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly called a bruise, is a hematoma of the
skin larger than 10mm.
(acronym.) BeCause Better Specimens, Y'all, Generate Perfect Goals
Order of draw (per NHA): Blood Cultures, Blue (light), Serum (red), Yellow,
Green, Purple (Lavender), Gray
Gram Stain
A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive
and gram-negative). Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and
physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present
in a thick layer in gram-positive bacteria. The Gram stain is almost always the first
step in the identification of a bacterial organism.
Axillary
Under the arm (armpit)
Throat culture
A laboratory diagnostic test to find a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat.
Sampling is performed by throat swab, and the sample is put in a special cup
(culture) that allows infections to grow. If an infection grows, the culture is
positive. The type of infection is found using a microscope, chemical tests, or both.
If no infection grows, the culture is negative.
Tort
A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong[1] which unfairly causes
someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person :
Battery, Invasion of privacy, defamation of character
Artifact
Unwanted interference or jitter on the EKG recording. This makes the EKG
reading difficult or impossible, as well as can lead to a misdiagnosis.
AV (atriventricular) Valves
Located between the atria and ventricles. AV cusped valves characteristics are:
They have tough fibrous rings, long and strong leaflets (cuspids), They are
accessory organs (like papillary muscles and chordae tendinae)
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to
all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient,
in any setting where healthcare is delivered. Standard Precautions include: 1) hand
hygiene, 2) use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, gowns, masks), 3)
safe injection practices, 4) safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or
surfaces in the patient environment, and 5) respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.
Parasympathetic (Vagus Nerve)
Generally has an inhibitory effect via the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine which
may cause the following to happen:
*Slows down pacemaker and HR
*Slows the conduction of electricity in AV node
*Decreases the strength of atrial and ventricular contraction.
Infection Control/ Chain of Infection
This consists of links, each of which is necessary for the infectious disease to
spread. Infection control is based on the fact that the transmission of infectious
diseases will be prevented or stopped when any level in the chain is broken or
interrupted.
AGENT ------- MODE OF TRANSMISSION --------- SUSCEPTIBLE HOST -----
----- PORTAL OF EXIT -------- PORTAL OF ENTRY
Medical Asepsis
Involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens. For example, performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves, nothing on
floor, clean from least soiled to most soiled.
Urinary Bacteria
Enteric gram-negative bacteria that are always nitrite positive can convert urinary
nitrate to nitrite. A positive nitrite test is an indication that a significant number of
bacteria are present in the urine.
PKU
This test is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria, a genetic disease that
causes mental retardation and brain damage. Test is done on blood from newborn's
heel or in urine.
Accessioning Order
Each request for blood withdrawl must include accessioning order, number for
paper work, and supplies and patients identification. The blood request forms
should include the following:
Patient's name and age from ID plate or wristband, Identification number, date &
time the specimen is obtained, name or initials of person who obtains specimen,
accessioning number, Physician's name, department for which which work is being
done, other useful info (special comments, unusual sampling site, drawn near Iv
site...)
Cold agglutinins
antibodies produced in response to atypical pneumonia, must be kept at 37 C.
History of Present Illness (HPI)
description of current problem, includes location, quality, severity, duration,
timing, context, modifying factors, and associated signs and symptoms.
Vital Signs
Reflect the functions of three body processes necessary for life. Determinations
that provide information about body conditions; include temperature, pulse,
respirations, and blood pressure.
Disinfection
A procedure used in medical asepsis using various chemicals that can be used to
destroy many pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier Protection
Refers to placing a physical barrier between the patients body fluids (such as blood
and saliva) and the healthcare personnel (HCP) to prevent disease transmision.
Febrile
relating to a fever.
U Wave
Deflection seen following the T wave but preceding the next P wave. Represents
the repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers. Round and symmetric less than 1.5 mm in
height. A prominent U Wave is due to hypokalemia (low potassium, blood level.)
Purkinje Fibers
fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles,
causing them to contract.
Hypokalemia
A condition in which an inadequate amount of potassium, the major intracellular
cation, is found in the circulatory bloodstream.
Ventricular Fibrillation
A condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing
the heart muscle from contracting normally. It is produced by multiple electrical
sites firing electrical impulses at the same time, resulting in quivering of the
ventricles myocardial muscle fibers, but not a uniform contraction.
The rhythm is a chaotic deflection of different waves that vary in size, shape and
duration.
There are NO normal visible waves. There is no contraction, this is no blood
ejected in the blood vessels, so the blood can clot. This is a medical emergency
which requires defibrillation and CPR.
Holter monitor
a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously
monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-hour period.
Coagulation
Blood clotting.
Prothrombin time
PT; TEST TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO
ACTIVATE PROTHROMBIN IN ORDER FOR A CLOT TO FORM.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
A diagnostic study to measure arterial blood gases to attain information needed and
manage a patient's respiratory status.
Median Cubital Vein
The large connecting branch that arises from the cephalic vein below the elbow
and passes obliquely upward over the cubital fossa to join the basilic vein. FIRST
CHOICE to use for Venipuncture.
Thrombocytes
(platelets) small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm, essential for blood
coagulation. LIFE SPAN: 9-12 days. AVERAGE #: 140K to 400K per Microliter
of blood.
Order of Draw
Blood Cultures (yellow) / Sodium Citrate (light blue) / Serum (red or tiger strip) /
Heparin (green) / EDTA (lavendar) / Glucose (gray) [Show Less]