1. Nuerocognitive Issues Assoicated with Frontal Lobe
Emotional control, behavioral control, verbal expression, problem solving, decision making,
... [Show More] social control, atten- tion, motivation
2. Acquired BI An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital or degenerative or induced by birth trauma
3. TBI An alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain
pathology, casused by an external force
4. Mild TBI Charac- teristics
5. Moderate TBI Characteristics
6. Severe TBI Char- acteristics
7. Likelihood of Ad- ditional Injury
8. Most Frequent Cause of TBI
9. How many peo- ple sustain a BI per year?
10. How many peo- ple are living with effects of a TBI?
Brief or no loss of consciousness for 0-30mins, altered state of consciousness is most common and must be
<24 hours, account for 75% of TBIs, 13-15 on the GCS, normal imaging, highest prevalence of maltreatment as 16-25% never seek care, often considered a concussion
Loss of consciousness for up to 24 hours, may appear on scans, skull fractures and bleeding are common, 9-12 on the GCS
Loss of consciousness >24 hours, 3-8 on the GCS
1 BI increases risk of 2nd by 3x and 2nd BI increases risk of 3rd by 8x!
Falls
2.5 million. 81% visit ED, 16% hsopitalized, 3% result in death
13.5 million
11. Men are 1.4x more likely than women
Likelihood of BI by gender
12. Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 75+
13. Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 0-3
14. Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 20-24
15. Most common cause of TBI and death by age - 16-19
Falls!
AHT!
MVAs and Firearms
MVAs!
16. CARF Accreditation agency for post acute BI programs, residen- tial, outpatient, vocational, home and community, stroke and pediatric programs - ensures quality of services through requirements for accreditation and surveys
17. Joint Commis- sion
Accreditation agency for hospital based programs, may accompany CARF accreditation, ensures quality of ser- vices through requirements for accreditation and surveys
18. Olmsted Decison Supreme court case stimulated by two women living in
a nursing home in Georgia for community inclusion - resulted in federal and state initiatives to improve and normalize community living
19. Model Systems of Care 1987
Resulted in research projects for TBI by the NIDDR, es- tablished rehab facilities to provide care and complete clinical research in the process
20. Symptoms of Mild TBI
21. Primary causes of Mild TBI
22. Early Treatment for Mild TBI
23. Peristent Post Concussive Symptoms (PPCS)
24. Chronic Traumat- ic Encephalopa- thy (CTE)
Headache, fatigue, seizures, nausea, numbness, poor sleep, light sensitivity, noise sensitivity, impaired hear- ing, blurred vision, dizziness, loss of balance, neurolog- ical abnormality, in attentiveness, decreased concentra- tion, poor memory, impaired judgment, slow proccessing speed, executive dysfunction, depression, anxiety, agita- tion, irritability, aggression, impulsivity
Traumatic intertial - brain moving inside skull Traumatic impact - head hits directly
Relaxation techniques, rest, slow return to normal activity, and reduction of normal activity if symptoms recur
Symptoms of Mild TBI last >1 month, occurs 10% of the time in Mild TBI cases
Often cause by repeated blows to the head, is a pro- gressive, degenerative condition characterized by broken nuerons which continually release tau protein cashing dementia over time
Diffuse axonal injury -> tau protein release -> inflamma- tion of the brain -> progressive dementia
25. Define Skull Bony shell that protects the brain, has bony prominences inside which can worsen brain injury
26. Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Provides cushion to nerve tissue, produced by ventricles
(4) which also store and circulation CSF through the brain
27. Meninges Pia Mater - molds around suclhi and gyri, deepest layer
Arachnoid Mater - spiderweb-like, middle layer Dura Mater - hard plastic, top layer
28. 28.
Nuerons vs Glial Cells
Nuerons communicate electrical impulses throughout brain while Glial cells support and nourish Nuerons [Show Less]