CAPSTONE - PEDS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS. COMPLETE.1. ADHD
∆ Identify two (2) adverse effects of METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE ( RITALIN ) in
the school
... [Show More] aged child.
≜ Insomnia
≜ Loss of appetite or anorexia
∆ EPA
≜ Produces CNS and Respiratory stimulation with weak sympathomimetic activity
2. ALBUTEROL
» The nurse is educating an adolescent about the use of ALBUTEROL for asthma. What
information should the nurse include in this teaching?
» It is used for acute exacerbations, and Prevention of exercised-induced asthma
3. ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS
» Contraindications
Renal disease or renal dysfunction
Alcoholism, metabolic acidosis, hepatic disease
Hypoglycemia
Cross allergy if pt is allergic to sulfonamide Abx
Class III or IV heart failure, liver or kidney disease
4. ANTIPYRETIC
∆ What antipyretic drugs can safely be administered to a child who is febrile?
≜ ASPIRIN can be safely administered during febrile stage
5. BREASTFEEDING
» Client Education
For growth and development the newborn needs 2.25 to 4g/kg of protein per day.
Mothers are encouraged to breastfeed their newborns for the first 12 months of life.
Newborns who are formula fed should receive iron fortified newborn formula until 12 months of age.
6. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
» ACUTE HEMOLYTIC REACTION - Expected findings:
Mild or life-threatening
Symptoms:
≜ Chills
≜ Fever
≜ Low-back pain
≜ Tachycardia
≜ Flushing
≜ Hypotension
≜ Chest tightening or pain
≜ Tachypnea
≜ Nausea
≜ Anxiety
≜ Hemoglobinuria
7. CLEFT LIP/PALATE REPAIR
» Post-op Interventions
Change position frequently to facilitate breathing & place on abdomen in immediate post-op period
Maintain IV fluids until infant able to eat & drink
Monitor packing for bleeding (usually removed in 2-3 days)
Avoid placing objects in infant’s mouth in post-op
Elbow restraints may be needed to used to prevent injuring repair
∆ A nurse is caring for an infant ff a CLEFT LIP AND PALATE REPAIR. Which of the ff actions should the nurse take in the
post-operative period? Administer analgesics - The nurse should keep the infant pain-free to decrease crying and stress
on the repair.
≜ Pacifiers should be avoided during the post-operative period.
≜ Hard toys should be avoided because the infant may bring them to the mouth and damage the incision site.
≜ Avoid placing objects into the infant's mouth following a cleft lip and palate repair.
8. EPIGLOTTITIS
» Expected findings
Severe sore throat, dysphagia, fever.
» Nursing Interventions
O2 therapy, Abx, bronchodilators, IV fluids for dehydration
9. EPILEPTIC MEDICATIONS (Seizure medications)
» Client Education
Seizure meds should be taken at the same time everyday.
Teach the child and parents about the adverse effects of the medications
The dosage of the medication can be increased as the child grows.
10. GER
∆ When feeding a client who has GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX (GER), in which position
should the client be placed in and why?
≜ Position with head elevated at 30 degrees for 1hr after meals to prevent nausea from
occurring.
11. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS – Intervention; Dietary Recommendations
» Monitor I&O
» Monitor daily weights – weigh the child on the same scale with the same amount of clothing daily.
» Encourage adequate nutritional intake
» Possible restriction of sodium and fluids
» Restrict foods high in potassium during periods of oliguria
» Provide small, frequent meals of favorite foods due to a decrease in appetite
» Avoid added salt and salty foods such as chips.
» Manage fluid restrictions as prescribed.
» Fluids can be restricted during periods of edema and HTN
∆ A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Check the child's blood pressure every 4 hours
∆ A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has glomerulonephritis. The child has decreased urinary output, a blood
pressure of 160/78 mmHg, and is receiving hydralazine. Which of the following lunch choices should the nurse
recommend? 3 oz grilled chicken, 1 cup of pear slices, and 120 ml (4oz) of apple juice
12. GROUP-B HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI (GABHS)
» Manifestation(s):
Mouth odor/breathing
Snoring & nasal qualities in voice
Fever
» Intervention(s):
Therapeutic procedure of Tonsillectomy
s/p tonsillectomy
≜ Place in side-side lying position or abdomen
≜ Elevate HOB when child fully awake
≜ Assess for bleeding (i.e. frequent swallowing, clearing throat, restlessness, bright red emesis, tachycardia, pallor)
≜ Monitor for difficulty breathing
≜ Provide ice collar & offer ice chips or sips of water
≜ Clear liquid diet after return of gag reflex and avoid use of red-colored liquids, citrus juice, & milk0based foods
initially
» Discharge teaching
Teach parents to administer the Abx for the full course of treatment
Administer IV Abx as prescribed
≜ Penicillin PO to control the acute local manifestation and is administered for at least 10 days; Amoxicillin q1d; IM
penicillin G benzathine is also appropriate; Erythromycin PO for children allergic to penicillin; Administer
antipyretics for fever; Clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, oral cephalosporins and amoxicillin with clavulanic
acid are also effective. [Show Less]