PYSCHOLOGY
the scientific study of behaviour and mental process
APPROACH
school of thought/perspective
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BIOLOGICAL
... [Show More] (PHYSIOLOGICAL) APPROACH
examines how one's biology affects behaviour and mental processes
COGNITIVE APPROACH
examine human thought and behaviour in terms of how we interpret, process and remember events
LEARNING APPROACH
interested in how humans and animals learn
SOCIAL APPROACH
-interested in how we work in the social world
-looks at how individuals interact with each other and in groups
NATURE
debate that result from innate, genetic factors
NURTURE
debate that result from environmental influences
RESEARCH METHODS
methods used to investigate questions in psychology
AIM
general statement about the purpose of an investigation
EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS (ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS)
Testable statement predicting a difference between levels of the independent variable or a relationship between variables
NULL HYPOTHESIS
Testable statement saying that any difference or correlation in the results is due to chance that no pattern in the results has arisen because of the variables being studied
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NON-DIRECTIONAL (TWO-TAILED) HYPOTHESIS
A statement predicting only that one variable will be related to another that there will be a difference in the DV between levels of IV in an experiment or that there will be a relationship between the measured variables in a correlation
DIRECTIONAL (ONE-TAILED) HYPOTHESIS
A statement predicting the direction of a relationship between variables in an experiment whether the levels of the IV wil priduce an increase or decrease in the DV or in a correlation whether an increase in one variable will be linked to an increase or a decrease in another variable
EXPERIMENT
an investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an independent variable is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable
VARIABLE
condition that changes
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
factor under investigation in an experiment which is manipulated to create two or more conditions and is expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
factor in an experiment which is measured and is expected to change under the influence of the independent variable
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE
variable which either acts randomly, affecting the DV in all levels of the IV or systematically, ie. on one level of the IV so can obscure the effect of the IV, making the results difficult to interpret
CONFOUNDING VARIABLE
extraneous factors that affect the performance of participants
SITUATIONAL VARIABLE
confounding variable caused by an aspect of the environment
OPERATIONALIZATION
definition of variables so that they can be accurately manipulated, measured or quantified and replicated. This includes the IV and DV in experiments and the two measured variables in correlation [Show Less]