coarticulation - ANSWER-the ability to overlap several phonemes
anaphora - ANSWER-pronouns or articles used to refer to something already
... [Show More] mentioned
appositive - ANSWER-a noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it more fully
model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way connections between orthography and phonology - ANSWER-Rumelhart and Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory
meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are enciphering and deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition. 1st and 2nd order skills are taught together - ANSWER-Farnham-Diggory Model
trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good readers. Skill of reading as a developing process - ANSWER-Stanovich's Interactive-Compensatory Model
1. Letters are connected with phonemes.
2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech.
3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are recognized quickly through Cipher strategy) - ANSWER-Ehri contributions
1. Alphabetic spelling precedes alphabetic reading
2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" - ANSWER-Firth's contributions
1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching
2. 1960-1970 Language-experience text
3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful
4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-sound "processors", effective phonics instruction must be linked with language based reading instruction - ANSWER-The Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole Language
1. The Logographic Phase
2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic)
3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic)
4. The Orthographic Phase - ANSWER-Ehri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy Development (Phases of Word Learning)
Uta Firth-visual cue phase
Pre-phonics lexicon-example (McD sign)
many argue this stage does not exist - ANSWER-The Logographic Phase (Ehri)
Linnea Ehri-Rudimentary alphabetic phase
recall similar letters in words
pre-alphabetic principle phase - ANSWER-The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Early sight word meaning
Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence
Left to right sounding out letters
Complete phoneme awareness
Alphabetic principle
Accuracy - ANSWER-The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Reading fluency by sound, syllable morphemes
Whole words. Orthography in Greek means "perfect writing"
Refers to spelling patterns
Onset-rime use in spelling - ANSWER-The Orthographic Phase (Ehri)
1. Imitation
2. Graphic Presentation
3. Progressive Incorporation
4. Automatization
5. Elaboration
Personalization-Diversification - ANSWER-Mel Levine's Developmental Stages of Learning Handwriting
preschool-1st
mimicking of actual writing
motor problems may indicate at risk
hand preference not fully established - ANSWER-Imitation (Mel Levine)
1st-2nd
directionality and laterality
reliance on proprioception - ANSWER-Graphic Presentation (Mel Levine)
2nd-4th
aesthetic production
cursive writing - ANSWER-Progressive Incorporation (Mel Levine)
4th-7th
Increased writing rate and efficiency
grammar usage - ANSWER-Automatization (Mel Levine)
7th-9th
writing to establish viewpoint - ANSWER-Elaboration (Mel Levine)
9th-above
Individual style and talent - ANSWER-Personalization-Diversification (Mel Levine)
1. words in sentence
2. syllables in words
3. phonemes in single words
phonemic awareness - ANSWER-Liberman developmental hierarchy
% of 4th graders that are not fluent - ANSWER-44% (NAEP)
acquired disorder in which ability to form letter shapes, letter sequences and motor patterns is impaired - ANSWER-specific agraphia
motor feedback problem, fingers do not report location back to the brain - ANSWER-finger agnosia
refers to the singular musical qualities of language, including intonation, expression, accent, pitch, juncture and rhythm - ANSWER-suprasegmental
Dysrhthmic (when repeating syllables) - ANSWER-Peter Wolff
poor word find ability - ANSWER-anomia
spoken language is innate - ANSWER-Chomsky
writing is not language. It is a way of recording language through visible sounds - ANSWER-Bloomfield
particulate principle of self-diversifying system-phonemes are like DNA strands, you can create almost infinite number of possible combinations - ANSWER-Abler (1889)
ADD/ADHD was known as ______ in 1960s-70s - ANSWER-minimal brain dysfunction
difficulty remembering visual aspects of words (visual memory deficit) - ANSWER-dyseidic
poor readers are more likely to apply a visual-orthographic strategy in reading and a phonological strategy to spelling - ANSWER-Barron [Show Less]