CALT Exam questions and Answers 2022/2023
coarticulation - Correct Answerthe ability to overlap several phonemes
anaphora - Correct Answerpronouns
... [Show More] or articles used to refer to something already mentioned
appositive - Correct Answera noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it more fully
model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way connections between orthography and phonology - Correct AnswerRumelhart and Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory
meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are enciphering and deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition. 1st and 2nd order skills are taught together - Correct AnswerFarnham-Diggory Model
trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good readers. Skill of reading as a developing process - Correct AnswerStanovich's Interactive-Compensatory Model
1. Letters are connected with phonemes.
2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech.
3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are recognized quickly through Cipher strategy) - Correct AnswerEhri contributions
1. Alphabetic spelling precedes alphabetic reading
2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" - Correct AnswerFirth's contributions
1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching
2. 1960-1970 Language-experience text
3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful
4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-sound "processors", effective phonics instruction must be linked with language based reading instruction - Correct AnswerThe Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole Language
1. The Logographic Phase
2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic)
3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic)
4. The Orthographic Phase - Correct AnswerEhri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy Development (Phases of Word Learning)
Uta Firth-visual cue phase
Pre-phonics lexicon-example (McD sign)
many argue this stage does not exist - Correct AnswerThe Logographic Phase (Ehri)
Linnea Ehri-Rudimentary alphabetic phase
recall similar letters in words
pre-alphabetic principle phase - Correct AnswerThe Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Early sight word meaning
Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence
Left to right sounding out letters
Complete phoneme awareness
Alphabetic principle
Accuracy - Correct AnswerThe Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Reading fluency by sound, syllable morphemes
Whole words. Orthography in Greek means "perfect writing"
Refers to spelling patterns
Onset-rime use in spelling - Correct AnswerThe Orthographic Phase (Ehri)
1. Imitation
2. Graphic Presentation
3. Progressive Incorporation
4. Automatization
5. Elaboration
Personalization-Diversification - Correct AnswerMel Levine's Developmental Stages of Learning Handwriting
preschool-1st
mimicking of actual writing
motor problems may indicate at risk
hand preference not fully established - Correct AnswerImitation (Mel Levine)
1st-2nd
directionality and laterality
reliance on proprioception - Correct AnswerGraphic Presentation (Mel Levine)
2nd-4th
aesthetic production
cursive writing - Correct AnswerProgressive Incorporation (Mel Levine)
4th-7th
Increased writing rate and efficiency
grammar usage - Correct AnswerAutomatization (Mel Levine)
7th-9th
writing to establish viewpoint - Correct AnswerElaboration (Mel Levine)
9th-above
Individual style and talent - Correct AnswerPersonalization-Diversification (Mel Levine)
1. words in sentence
2. syllables in words
3. phonemes in single words
phonemic awareness - Correct AnswerLiberman developmental hierarchy
% of 4th graders that are not fluent - Correct Answer44% (NAEP)
acquired disorder in which ability to form letter shapes, letter sequences and motor patterns is impaired - Correct Answerspecific agraphia
motor feedback problem, fingers do not report location back to the brain - Correct Answerfinger agnosia
refers to the singular musical qualities of language, including intonation, expression, accent, pitch, juncture and rhythm - Correct Answersuprasegmental
Dysrhthmic (when repeating syllables) - Correct AnswerPeter Wolff
poor word find ability - Correct Answeranomia
spoken language is innate - Correct AnswerChomsky
writing is not language. It is a way of recording language through visible sounds - Correct AnswerBloomfield
particulate principle of self-diversifying system-phonemes are like DNA strands, you can create almost infinite number of possible combinations - Correct AnswerAbler (1889)
ADD/ADHD was known as ______ in 1960s-70s - Correct Answerminimal brain dysfunction
difficulty remembering visual aspects of words (visual memory deficit) - Correct Answerdyseidic
poor readers are more likely to apply a visual-orthographic strategy in reading and a phonological strategy to spelling - Correct AnswerBarron
once critical levels achieved, variation in comprehension may be due to strengths in vocabulary, general knowledge - Correct AnswerBruck's minimal threshold level
physician responsible for modern concept of brain localization of cognitive functions - Correct AnswerFranz Gall
what physician examined the post mortem brain affected by aphasia and discovered an irregular lesion in the left frontal region - Correct AnswerPaul Broca (1861)
loss of fluency speech while retaining the ability to understand language - Correct Answerbroca aphasia
could retain ability to swear - Correct Answerexpressive aphasia
discovered that roots of reading originate in the cerebral cortex - Correct AnswerPaul Broca
current research supports this model for qualifying for sped. - Correct Answerprofile model NOT discrepancy model
precursor to modern ideas about localization of brain functions - Correct AnswerPhrenology
whose theory was that dyslexia resulted from damage during fetal development - Correct AnswerNorman Geschwind
Professor at Syracruse
Done great deal of research in field of phonology/reading - Correct AnswerBonita Blachman
Columbia University
responsible for structure language trainning
Author of Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills - Correct AnswerJudith Birsh
"The Roots of Phonics", an important historical introduction to phonics with a foreword by Jeanne Chall - Correct AnswerMiriam Balmuth
Texas dyslexia definition is - Correct AnswerExclusionary
NIH/IDA dyslexia definition is - Correct AnswerInclusionary
Where did language start - Correct Answerprehistoric times, started near the border between Europe and Asia
Effects of Germanic Tribes - Correct Answermarried, enslaved or drove out the Celts
Norse words were brought into the language - Correct AnswerViking Invasions 800 CE
Names for 6 days of the week comes from - Correct AnswerOld English words
Language of the church
Language of the judicial system
Language of commoners
Spoken orally-when written, the writer created the spelling - Correct AnswerMiddle English (1066-1500)
How were plurals formed in Middle English - Correct Answeradding -s or -es instead of changing the vowel man/men, mouse/mice
-eth changed to -s (doeth/does, goeth/goes) during - Correct AnswerMiddle English
-en became -s (shoen/shoes) during - Correct AnswerMiddle English
Printing press
The Great Vowel shift
Started the beginning of _______ - Correct AnswerStandard English
Took place slowly over 200 years
vowel sounds pronounced in new positions and created a distinct separation between phonology and spelling - Correct AnswerThe Great Vowel Shift
textbooks after 4th grade have a lot of this language - Correct AnswerLatin
This time period was the 3rd and most important introduction of Latin into English - Correct AnswerRenaissance
Latin roots are ____morphemes - Correct AnswerBound morphemes
Greek morphemes are ___ words (microscope) - Correct Answercompound words
Master's English caused _____ to be added to English - Correct Answerthe letter r [Show Less]