CAISS Certification Study Guide - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Origins of AIS (3) 1) Standardized system 2) Classify type/severity of
... [Show More] injury from MVC 3) Consensus Injury descriptors are organized _________________________ ? Anatomically Injury severity is ranked relative to its importance to _______________? The whole body AIS reflects severity of single injuries and are unaffected by what three things? 1) time 2) sequela 3) outcome What type of scale does AIS use? 6 point ordinal scale Which type of measurement is more variable? Anatomic or Physiologic? Physiologic Is clinical training necessary for collecting injury data? NO AIS is based on what three (3) factors? 1) anatomically- based 2) consensus driven 3) global Severity is NOT contingent upon what two (2) factors? 1) Outcome 2) time Numerical ranking of severity: 1 Minor Numerical ranking of severity: 2 Moderate Numerical ranking of severity: 3 Serious Numerical ranking of severity: 4 Severe Numerical ranking of severity: 5 Critical Numerical ranking of severity: 6 maximum (currently untreatable) Is mortality a sole determinant of AIS severity? NO Are all AIS data comparable from year to year? NO (updates) Is "DEATH" part of the severity scale? NO Is a patient who dies automatically assigned the highest AIS severity of 6? NO (patients w/ minor injuries can die) Does a linear relationship exist between AIS severity codes? NO (AIS 4 is more, NOT twice as severe as AIS 2) Are all injuries within the same AIS code strictly compatible? NO (tibia fx & alveolar ridge are both AIS - 2, although one may be worse than the other, both are considered 'moderate') What AIS code is assigned to a patient with inadequate information regarding an injury? 9 AIS single digit severity codes are based on what type of patient? Average What four (4) things define the "average" patient? 1) 25-40 yrs old 2) no pre-existing conditions 3) no tx complications 4) received timely/appropriate care Approximately how many injury descriptors are included in AIS? 2000 What part of the AIS code is considered the "Pre-Dot Code?" 6 digits BEFORE the decimal point (left) What part of the AIS code is considered the "AIS Severity Number?" single digit after the decimal (right) (T/F) The 6 digit pre-dot codes are unique and allow for more specificity and accurate coding? TRUE The first digit in the pre-dot code corresponds to what? Body Region The second digit in the pre-dot code corresponds to what? Type of anatomic structure (skeletal, solid organ) The third/fourth digits in the pre-dot code correspond to what? Specific anatomic structure (femur) The fifth/sixth digits in the pre-dot code correspond to what? Level of injury within the specific body region and anatomic structure (NFS, minor, major) Parenthesis in the AIS dictionary indicate what? synonyms or definitions for injury types Brackets in the AIS dictionary indicate what? inclusionary/exclusionary info, OIS Grades Boxed bold type in the AIS dictionary indicates what? directions to help coder choose appropriate code Semicolons in the AIS dictionary indicate what? separate injury descriptors that are comparable in severity Italics in the AIS dictionary indicate what? proper-named injuries/structures, OIS grades Does AIS assess the severity of multiple injuries? NO (single injury severity only) The injury Severity Score (ISS) is defined as what? Sum of the squares of highest AIS in each of three most severely injured ISS body regions. What are the six body regions used in the ISS? 1) head & neck 2) face 3) chest 4) abdomen & pelvic organs 5) extremities & pelvis 6) external Asphyxia is assigned to which ISS region? Head and Neck Drowning is assigned to which ISS region? Chest Lumbar spine lesions would be assigned to which ISS region? Abdomen & pelvic contents Are external injuries coded independent of their body region? YES Hypothermia, electrical injuries, and whole body injuries are coded to which ISS region? External The ISS score ranged from _____ to _____ ? 1 to 75 What are the two ways an ISS of 75 can be achieved? 1) AIS of 5 in each of three different body regions 2) AIS of 6 in a single body region Do patients with an AIS 9 achieve an accurate ISS score? NO Can less than three regions be used to calculate an ISS? YES Can more than three regions be used to calculate an ISS? NO Do all ISS scores have the same mortality rates? NO (depends on body regions affected) Assigning injuries to too few body regions results in what? underestimation of ISS Assigning injuries to too many body regions results in what? overestimation of ISS Are complications or sequela included in the definition of an injury? NO Define injury? Anatomic lesion resulting from transfer of injury. List seven (7) examples of sequela that are coded in AIS as injuries? 1) HTX/PTX 2) retroperitoneal hemorrhage 3) cerebral edema/swelling 4) ischemic brain damage r/t head trauma 5) blood loss 6) asphyxia 7) compartment syndrome Are preliminary (suspected, possible, rule out) dx codeable? NO Are all clinical dx alone codeable? NO (some require radiologic/autopsy findings) Cranial nerve contusion is coded when there is what documented? weakness/paresthesia subtotal loss of function Cranial nerve laceration is coded when what is documented? paralysis/total loss of function What five (5) physical signs/ manifestations are codeable as basilar skull fx? 1) raccoon's eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) 2) Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis) 3) CSF rhinorrhea 4) CSF otorrhea 5) hemotympanum What must also exists to code a basilar skull fx when only physical manifestations are present? evidence of head trauma (not r/t facial fx/injury) Are complications coded as injuries? NO Are sequela or outcomes coded as injuries? NO
Are injury etiologies (causes) related to AIS injury scores? NO Can injuries be assumed based on a particular outcome occurrence? NO If an AIS code of 6 is assigned, is it acceptable to stop coding subsequent injuries? NO Is death automatically coded as an AIS 6? NO Can an AIS of 1 result in death? YES (rare) Are cord lesions and vertebral fxs coded separately? NO What is important to look for when coding blunt trauma? associated/underlying injuries Penetrating injuries that do not injure underlying structures should be coded in what ISS body region? External Injuries that result from energy dissipated from a penetrating wound are called direct or indirect? Indirect With penetrating injuries to internal structures, is the overlying skin injury coded separately? NO Bullet wounds/penetrating injuries resulting in fx are coded as open or closed fractures? OPEN When detailed information regarding an injury is lacking, what descriptor is often used? NFS NFS can refer to what two components of a code? 1) injury unspecified 2) severity unspecified Should patients with AIS code 9 injuries be included in research studies? NO An articular fracture involves what structure? JOINT A fracture with three or more fragments with proximal and distal fragments not touching is defined as what? Complex When two ends of a bone are not aligned the fracture is called what? Displaced When multiple bone fragments are present a fracture is called what? Comminuted Sprains occur to joints or muscles? Joints Strains occur to joints or muscles? Muscles Massive destruction of a body part with damage to underlying skeletal, tissue, organ, and vascular systems is known as what type of injury? Crush (T/F) A vessel puncture or perforation is also known as a laceration. TRUE (T/F) A muscle tear, rupture, or avulsion is also known as a laceration. TRUE Blood loss of > 20% is approximately how many cc? > 1000 cc When there is any question about the severity of an injury based upon all available information the coder should chose the __________ severe AIS code in that category. Least Brain death/ blindness are consequences of injury and can or cannot be coded? Cannot Is a foreign body considered and injury in and of itself? NO (cannot code) (T/F) Bilateral injures of kidneys, eyes, ears, and extremities are typically codes as separate injuries (with some exceptions). TRUE [Show Less]