C787 Study Guide WGU Nutrition
Exam Review 2023
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Macronutrients - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts,
provide
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Micronutrients - Answer-vitamins and minerals require smaller amounts, make possible
the biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules
Obesity - Answer->30% body fat
Overweight - Answer->25% body fat
Marasmus - Answer-A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early
infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies.
s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm, exposed ribs, decreased body fat
Kwashiorkor - Answer-Protein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as
lethargy, irritability, thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated.
s/s: potbelly, edema in legs
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - Answer-an eating disorder characterized by an inability to
maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception
bulimia nervosa - Answer-an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by
purging
Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - Answer-Niacin- common in corn based diets
and alcoholics. s/s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx.
Vitamin A deficiency - Answer-night blindness, dry skin, corneal damage
Vitamin C deficiency - Answer-scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae
Iron deficiency - Answer-anemia
Iodine deficiency - Answer-results in goiter/thyroid problems
Vitamin D deficiencies - Answer-rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
calcium deficiency
colon cancer
Vitamin E deficiency (rare) - Answer-hemolytic anemia
Vitamin K deficiencies - Answer-decreased synthesis of clotting factors
hemorrhage
Malnutrition - Answer-faulty or inadequate diet
treating malnutrition - Answer-correcting diet
correcting body fluid/potassium
"hurry slowly"
diluted milk w/added sugar
What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's? - Answer-It
expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate
information needed
DRI - Answer-Dietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency
diseases with the contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related
diseases
UL - Answer-Tolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that
appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of
adverse health effects.
EAR - Answer-Estimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of
population
RDA - Answer-Recommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing
this amount
Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding
their consumption. - Answer-SATURATED (limit/avoid)
TRANS (worse)
MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL)
POLYUNSATURATED (same as above)
What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood
pressure? - Answer-Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300
MG OF SODIUM A DAY
How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables? - Answer-1/2 the plate
What recommendations would you make to a pregnant patient regarding folate and
why? - Answer-all women who can become pregnant should get 400 mcg of folic acid
each day, in addition to consuming food with folate from a varied diet, to lower the
chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect.
Provide examples of whole grains versus refined grains and how could a patient better
meet the recommendation for consumption of whole grains? - Answer-at least half of
the grains should be whole grains
whole grains:
Barley
Brown rice
Buckwheat
Bulgur (cracked wheat)
Millet
Oatmeal
Popcorn
Whole-wheat bread, pasta or crackers
Identify at least 4 ways to modify a diet creating a healthier eating style/pattern. -
Answer-Make half your plate veggies and fruits. ...
Include whole grains. ...
Don't forget the dairy. ...
Add lean protein. ...
Avoid extra fat. ...
Define nutrient-dense and give examples of nutrient-dense foods. - Answer-Nutrientdense foods contain vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, lean protein, and
healthy fats.
examples:
fruits and vegetables
whole grains
low-fat or fat-free milk products
seafood
lean meats, eggs
peas, beans, and nuts.
Identify foods that are typically high in sodium and strategies to reduce sodium in the
diet. - Answer-
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