NUTRITION (C787) STUDY GUIDE
Unit 2: Nutrition to Support Wellness (Cohort 1)
Reading: Macronutrients
-Identify the differences between macronutrients
... [Show More] and micronutrients
* Macronutrients: are carbs, lipids & proteins. Provides energy needed for growth,
thermoregulation, physical activity, pregnancy/lactation. Needed in larger amts than
micronutrients
* Micronutrients: vitamins/minerals in small amts for good health/development. Play various
roles in cell metabolism. Deficiencies cause widespread health probs.
-Differentiate the S/S for the following diseases:
1. Obesity: excess consumption. Increased risk for CAD, some cancers & type 2 diabetes. Puts stress
on knee/ankle joints. Is an energy imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.
Influenced by genetic/environmental factors.
2. Marasmus: general deficiency of macronutrients. Also called protein-calorie malnutrition.
3. Kwashiorkor: primarily attributed to deficiency of dietary protein. s/sx include fatigue, irritability,
lethargy, poor growth, apathy, edema, decreased muscle mass, large belly, diarrhea, dermatitis,
change in hair, infections. Can lead to coma/death.
4. Anorexia nervosa: restricted intake. Body weight @ or < 85% of normal. Intense fear of wt gain,
distorted perception of body wt. 3rd most common condition of adolescents. Common co-morbid
conditions: OCD, depression, anxiety, social phobia. Can lead to decreased micronutrient intake,
which leads to death.
5. Bulimia nervosa: binge eating f/b purging (vomiting or misuse of laxatives/diuretics). Can lead
to obesity.
6. Pellagra: Deficiency of Niacin (Vit B3). Characterized by “4 D’s of Pellagra:” dermatitis, diarrhea,
dementia & death.
Reading: Micronutrients
Identify diseases/illness related to specific vitamin deficiencies (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron,
iodine, etc.).
* Vit C Deficiency (Scurvy): Early signs are bleeding gums/pinpoint hemorrhages under skin, rough
scaly skin, hardening of arteries or massive bleeding can happen & lead to death.
* Vit D Deficiency (Rickets): bone formation impaired. Bow legged appearance
* Vit A Deficiency: leads to blindness. Even mild deficiency causes diarrhea & URIs
* Iron Deficiency (Anemia):
* Iodine Deficiency: leads to physical/mental developmental delays.
Reading: Malnutrition
Identify the differences between kwashiorkor and marasmus
* Kwashiorkor: Adequate calories, not enough protein. Often occurs in areas of famine, low food
supply, low education levels. Often tro [Show Less]