linear model of communication
one-way view of communication that assumes a message is sent by a source to a receiver through a channel
Five phases
... [Show More] of linear model of communication
1. Deciding on the message
2. Encoding the message
3. Transmitting the message
4. Perceiving the message
5. Decoding and assigning meaning to the message
transactional model of communication
the theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver
3 interrelated skill sets or dimensions of communication competence
1. Sensing what is appropriate in a given situation
2. Building and developing communication skills
3. Motivation
3 stages of perception
selection, organization, interpretation
What is selective exposure?
the tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonant information
What is selective attention?
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
selective recall
process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us
selective perception
The phenomenon that people often pay the most attention to things they already agree with and interpret them according to their own predispositions.
What is closure?
The brains tendency to fill in the blanks
What is proximity?
physical or geographical nearness
What is similarity?
extent to which we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction
What is figure-ground perception? "Figure"
the perception of figures against a background
What is self-esteem?
a measure of how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
What is self-concept?
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
self-presentation
presenting the person we would like others to believe we are
What is attribution error
Using a negative view or reasons to account for our own or others behavior
What is the fundamental attribution error?
the mistake we make when we attribute other people's positive characteristics and successes to external, situational factors, and their negative characteristics and failures to aspects of who they are
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors
What are the four steps to effective self-presentation
1. Set a Goal
2. Create a strategy
3. Execute the strategy and evaluate results
4. Modify negative perceptions
How does culture influence nonverbal communication?
emblems, affect displays, personal distance, eye contact, facial displays of emotion, greeting behavior, time orientations, touch, vocalics
What is a co-culture?
a culture within a culture
What is individualism?
the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
What is collectivism?
People work as a group or family, and play a role within the community
What is a high context culture?
In this culture, business is personal, trust is key. Nonverbal, emotional, and environmental cues are important. They do not contradict authority.
Letting others make up their own minds
What is a low context culture?
"In this culture, Business is impersonal and direct. Value pure reason and word, not emotions. Can contradict authority." Very organized
What is High Power Distance culture
Social status or rank is important, both at work or within a family. Lower rank is unlikely to speak up against higher ranked [Show Less]