The brain begins as an embryonic structure called the - correct answer neural tube, shortly after conception it is formed in neurulation, all areas of the
... [Show More] brain develop from here
the brain is considered mature around what age - correct answer 25, the brain is not mature until our mid-twenties because the prefrontal cortex (which enables executive function abilities) continues to develop until this time
what is the sequence in which we learn our abilities - correct answer sensory, motor, emotional skills, executive function skills (begin in early childhood but their sensitive period of development continues into early adulthood)
what stages of development are the most plastic and the least - correct answer early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, adulthood, the brain becomes progressively less plastic with age
the age at which a human has the most connections between neurons is - correct answer 3, as the brain ages, unused connections are pruned away and active connections are strengthened
how do experiences shape the developing brain - correct answer they influence which neural connections are strengthened or pruned, they help us practice our skills
at what stage of development do negative experiences influence the architecture of the developing brain - correct answer at any stage of development, which neural circuits will be affected depends on when the negative experience occurs
most traits and diseases in humans are derived from - correct answer the interaction between genes and environmental influences
what is an example of an epigenetic effect - correct answer an environmental factor modifies the area surrounding a gene such that expression decreases
is manual dexterity related to the quality of parental care a child receives - correct answer no
which gene has been shown to be epigenetically modified by the quality of maternal care in rat offsrping - correct answer the glucocorticoid receptor gene which is methylated in response to maternal care
what happens to the tress response system when the glucocorticoid receptor gene is epigenetically modified such that it is less active and produced fewer receptors - correct answer the stress response increases
what pre-existing conditions are associated with epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in victims of suicide - correct answer childhood maltreatment
which aspect of development is NOT affected by social interactions - correct answer cognitive, social, emotional, language, physical and behavioral development are all affected by social interactions
human infants need to be taught how to react to social causes by - correct answer nothing- infants have an innate response to social cues
what is meant by a "serve and return" interaction - correct answer it is the interaction between a child and adult where various activities and communication pass back and forth
in child development, joint attention refers to - correct answer the infant coordinates their attention with an adult and another object in the environment, emerges in the first year of life
which of the following factors is most likely to increase the quality of sever and return interactions for a child - correct answer secure attachment increases a child's ability to interact with their caregiver and with others around them, even if they are unfamiliar
what brain region is most involved in behavioral inhibition - correct answer the amygdala mediates the responses to fear and anxiety and is over-active in children with behavioral inhibition
which two hormones are involved in initiating our response to stress - correct answer cortisol and adreneline
what is cortisols activity during stress - correct answer its release is shut down in negative feedback
which parts of the brain are involved in mediating our responses to stress - correct answer the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus,and amygdala are involved in determining whether or not a stimulus is stressful hypothalamus, and pituitary gland are responsible for initiating stress response
what is the difference between tolerable and toxic stress in a child - correct answer tolerable stress is buffered by supportive adult relationships but toxic stress is not
what is the most common source of childhood toxic stress in western countries - correct answer neglect because it occurs on its own but also as a result of parental difficulties such as maternal depression and parental substance misuse
silencing of the glucocorticoid receptor gnee occurs through what kind of process - correct answer an epigenetic one, not an allostatic one
early life stress is associated with what physiological change in adulthood - correct answer increased sensitivity to stress, increased levels of inflammation, and glucocorticoid resistance
what executive functions are emphasized as the three classic executive function elements - correct answer working memory, mental flexibility, inhibitory control
executive functions skills finish maturing at about what age - correct answer 25 years
between what ages do executive function skills show the most dramatic period of growth - correct answer 3-5 years
which adult outcome is predicted by childhood inhibitory control at age 32 - correct answer likelihood of having a criminal conviction, having a substance , misuse disorder, and having physical health problems
what role do adults play in helping children build their executive function skills - correct answer they keep distractions to a minimum, provide predictable routines and provide rules and consequences
what would be least helpful when implementing an executive function curriculum in an early education program - correct answer keeping executive function activities separate from other academic content
the story of sam and elizabeth is about - correct answer feaar and neglect, toxic stress and intergenerational trauma
what outcomes are common to children in foster care - correct answer they lag behind their peers in term of head circumference, in height, and daytime cortisol levels are altered
what is the core focus of multidimensional treatment foster care - correct answer the needs of the child, of the foster parents and the relationship between the child and the foster parents
what measure can be used to predict placement instability in foster children - correct answer the number of placements the child has had previously, the higher number of placements, the more likely the current placement will fail
the main impact of the nurse family partnership program is what - correct answer it helps strengthen the relationship between parents and their children and reduces toxic stress
a key element of child-parent psychotherapy is what - correct answer it promotes growth in the child-parent relationship that supports healthy development of the child long after the intervention is over [Show Less]