Before you start...
I know it seems like a lot.
Just go slow. Ten drugs a day or so.
You have plenty of time.
You got this.
I know it.
Neuro
... [Show More] Drugs
Diazepam
(Valium)
Classification: Benzodiazepine
MoA: enhances inhibitory effect of GABA
Use: anxiety, muscle spasms, status epilepticus, acute alcohol withdrawal
RN intervention: Reverse sedation with flumazenil, taper, teach female client about pregnancy risk
Adverse effects: drowsiness, paradoxical reaction; withdrawal symptoms; tolerance; physical dependence
Alprazolam
(Xanax)
Classification: Benzodiazepines
MoA: Enhance inhibitory effect of GABA
Use: Anxiety
RN intervention: Reverse sedation with flumazenil, taper, teach female client about pregnancy risk
Adverse effects: drowsiness, paradoxical reaction; withdrawal symptoms; tolerance; physical dependence
Baclofen
(Lioresal)
Classification: Centrally acting muscle relaxent
MoA: Enhance inhibitory effect of GABA
Use: Muscle spasms
RN Intervention: Taper
Adverse effects: drowsiness, withdrawal symptoms
Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
Classification: Hydantoin
MoA: Alters the movement of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions which decreases the discharge of neurons
Use: tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures
RN Interventions: Refer patient for dental care; monitor for rash; taper; monitor plasma levels, teach female patients about pregnancy risk
Adverse effects: drowsiness; gingival hyperplasia; withdrawal symptoms; skin rash (epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
Valproid acid
(Depakote, Depakene, Depacon)
Classification: valproic acid
MoA: Inhibits influx of sodium and calcium which decreases the discharge of neurons; enhances inhibitory effects of GABA
Use: tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, absence seizures, bipolar disorder
RN intervention: Monitor liver function tests; monitor for rash, teach female client about pregnancy risk
Adverse effects: liver toxicity
Temazepam
(Restoril)
Classification: benzodiazepine
MoA: Enhance inhibitory effect of GABA
Use: insomnia
RN intervention: Reverse sedation with flumazenil, taper, teach female client about pregnancy risk
Adverse effects: drowsiness, paradoxical reaction; withdrawal symptoms; tolerance; physical dependence
Amitriptyline
(Elavil)
Classification: tricyclic antidepressants
MoA: Blocks serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake
Use: depression, neuropathic pain, anxiety, insomnia
RN intervention: monitor for suicidal ideation; taper; teach client that it takes several weeks to be effective
Adverse effects: drowsiness; anticholinergic effects; withdrawal symptoms; suicidal ideation
Fluoxetine
(Prozac)
Classification: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
MoA: Blocks serotonin reuptake
Use: depression, OCD, bulimia, bipolar disorder
RN Intervention: monitor for suicidal ideation; teach client that it takes several weeks to be effective; monitor for (take a deep breath): mental confusion, difficulty concentrating, fever, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, incoordination, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, and tremors
Adverse effects: Insomnia; sexual dysfunction; serotonin syndrome; suicidal ideation
Midazolam
(Versed)
Classification: benzodiazepine
MoA: Enhances inhibitory effects of GABA
Use: conscious sedation, amnesia
RN intervention: Monitor for amnesia, have resuscitation equipment at hand
Adverse effects: amnesia
Fentanyl
(Duragesic, Actiq)
Classification: narcotic (opiate) analgesic
MoA: haha I guess this doesn't matter ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Use: Supplement to general anesthesia
RN intervention: administer naloxone for overdose
Adverse side effects: drowsiness; respiratory/circulatory depression
Lidocaine
(Xylocaine)
Classification: local anesthetic
MoA: Block influx of sodium; stops depolarization
Use: local anesthesia
RN intervention: Monitor vitals and respiratory status
Adverse side effects: hypotension (if used for spinal), dizziness, convulsions
Stimulate beta 1 receptors (SNS)
Increases heart rate, increases force of heart contraction
Stimulate Beta 2 receptors (SNS)
Dilates bronchi; relaxes uterus; dilates coronary arteries, peripheral blood vessels and pulmonary blood vessels
Block cholinergic receptors (PNS)
Dilates pupils, decreases salivation, dilates bronchi, decreases intestinal tone, constricts bladder sphincter
Stimulate Cholinergic receptors (PNS)
Constricts pupils, increases salivation, constricts bronchi, increases intestinal tone, relaxes bladder sphincter
Block Beta 1 receptors (SNS)
decreases heart rate, decreases force of heart contraction
Block Beta 2 receptors (SNS)
Constricts bronchi; contracts uterus; constricts coronary arteries, peripheral blood vessels and pulmonary blood vessels [Show Less]