In the Protein Synthesis lab, you will learn how to synthesize a ______ called _______ (______) which will be used in anemia therapy
protein;
... [Show More] erythropoietin; EPO
DNA is the molecule of heredity that contains instructions to build proteins. In 1958, Francis Crick described the dental dogma of molecular biology explaining the process of gene expression. What do A and B represent in the image? DNA --> RNA --> protein
transcription; translation
You can observe the main differences between DNA and RNA by clicking on the VIEW IMAGE button. Which statement is true?
a. only DNA has a phosphate backbone
b. RNA bases are A, T, C, G
c. RNA is more stable than DNA
d. DNA has no hydroxyl group on the second carbon
d
The mRNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. The circles in the image indicate the chemical group to which the next base is attached. Which image has the circle in the correct position?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
c
the next base of mRNA is attached to the ______ group on the ______ carbon of the ribose sugar
hydroxyl; third
DNA and mRNA synthesis proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction. What do 5' and 3' refer to?
a. the number of carbons in the nitrogen base
b. the number of hydroxyl groups attached
c. the position of the phosphate and nitrogen bases
d. the position of a carbon atom in the sugar backbone
d
the 5' carbon attaches to a _______ group and the 3' carbon attaches to a _______ group
phosphate; hydroxyl
Protein synthesis is performed by an RNA-protein complex called the ribosome. As you can see in the image, a ribosome is comprised of 3 sites called E, P, and A. To which site does tRNA add its amino acid to the polypeptide chain?
a. A
b. all answers are correct
c. E
d. P
d
Protein synthesis occurs as a result of the collaboration between ______, _______, and the ______. tRNA molecules traverse three sites of the ribosome in the following order: ____, ____, and ____
tRNA; mRNA; ribosome; A; P; E
the ____ (______) site is where tRNA molecules add their amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain
P; polypeptide
the ____ (______) site is where tRNA molecules, with their attached amino acid, bind to the mRNA codon
A; amino acid
the ____ (______) site is where tRNA molecules reside before being released from the ribosome
E; exit
the fact that all living organisms share the same DNA _______ allows us to combine DNA _______ from different species. DNA _______ technology enables us to synthesize proteins using various types of cells
structure; molecules; recombination
Erythropoietin is a _______ that is primarily produced in the _______. It is heavily ______; ____% of the molecule is composed of carbohydrate moieties, which are crucial for biological ______ and ______. Erythropoietin also requires intact ______ bonds for its activity. Erythropoietin triggers the production of ______ cells
glycoprotein; kidneys; glycosylated; 40; activity; stability; disulfide; red blood
Erythropoietin (EPO) undergoes ________ modification, called glycosylation, before it can be considered biologically ______. Glycosylation is the addition of _______. EPO has ____-linked sugars
post-translation; active; sugars; 4
What is your hypothesis regarding the synthesis of recombinant erythropoietin?
a. mammalian expression systems can produce biologically active and stable erythropoietin
b. bacterial expression systems can produce biologically active and stable erythropoietin
a
mammalian expression systems are capable of performing ______ modifications
post-translation
We used ______ method in the Protein Synthesis lab experiment
transfection
where do eukaryotic cells synthesize proteins?
a. golgi apparatus
b. mitochondria
c. nucleus
d. ribosomes
d
In eukaryotic organisms, transcription takes place in the _______. The resulting mRNA is then transported to the _______ in the _______ where translation occurs.
nucleus; ribosomes; cytoplasm
What is the name of each sequence of three nitrogen-containing bases of RNA that codes for one amino acid?
a. anticodon
b. codon
c. base
d. units
b
The mRNA _______ triplets are called codons. The codons are written in the ____ --> ____ direction. Each codon encodes one ______
nucleotide; 5'; 3'; amino acid
In this lab will we use a biosafety cabinet class II. Who or what does a level II biosafety cabinet protect?
a. the personnel and the experiment
b. the personnel and the environment
c. only the experiment
d. the personnel, the experiment, and the environment
d
biosafety cabinet class I only protects the ______ and the ______, not the ______
personnel; environment; experiment
biosafety cabinet class III provides an absolute level of ______ that biosafety cabinet class I and II do not have
safety
the tRNA shown in the diagram will be able to form a base-pair interaction with which mRNA? 5'-ACU-3'
a. UGA-3'
b. 5'-AGU
c. UCA-5'
d. ACU-3'
b
the interaction between a codon and anticodon will always be _______; the anticodon 5'-ACU-3' will bind to 3'-_______, which is the same as 5'-_______
antiparallel; UGA; AGU
Three types of RNA cooperate to perform translation.
A: read codons and deliver the amino acids
B: carry the genetic information from DNA
C: catalyze the assembly of polypeptide chains
Which type of RNA matches the A, B, and C descriptions?
a. tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
b. rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
c. rRNA, tRNA, mRNA
d. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
a
Have a look at this simplified depiction of a DNA strand using the VIEW IMAGE button. Which strand is the template strand?
a. neither
b. both
c. bottom
d. top
c [Show Less]