Physiology
• “Study of nature.” Function of a living organism, how it works, and maintains life.
Levels of organization (molecular, cellular,
... [Show More] tissue level, etc.)
• Chemical/molecular level: atoms and molecules
• Cellular level: cells – basic structural unit of life, smallest living unit
• Tissue level: tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function
• Organ Level: organ is a collection of tissues
• Organ System:several levels
• Organism level: the human body
Homeostasis(give examples, thermoregulation, water regulation, blood pressure regulation)
• Condition of equilibrium in the body’sinternal environment, and maintained by
regulatory processes.
• Survival of our body cells is dependent on the precise regulation of the chemical composition
of theirsurrounding fluid o Fluid known as extracellular fluid, and fluid that fills narrow spaces
between cells is interstitial fluid.
▪ Other types are blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid,
aqueous humor, and vitreous body.
• Internal conditions are in a dynamic equilibrium; set point (like thermostat in house)
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• Essential for maintenance of life; death and disease
• Homeostatic control loop;receptor, control center and effector
• Negative Feedback: works to oppose change, brings condition back to a set point. i.e. –
blood pressure
• Positive Feedback: works to enhance change, brings condition further away from a set point.
i.e. – childbirth, blood clotting. Things that don’t occur a lot.
• Water Regulation: kidneys and water balance concentration of mineral ions in the blood, get
rid of waste products, especially nitrogen-containing compound called urea.
o Can also be excreted, and removes heat from the body when a person sweats, helping
regulate body temp [Show Less]