BIOS 256 LAB 1 ASSIGNMENT
EXERCISE 34: Reviewing Your Knowledge
A. Layers of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Name the layers of the GI tract that are
... [Show More] described.
Muscularis
1. The layer that contracts to churn food or move food along
Mucosa
2. Layer consisting of a membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior; overlays smooth muscle
Submucosa
3. Areolar connective tissue layer located deep to the mucosa
Serosa
4. A serous membrane that is the external layer of a GI tract organ
B. Gastrointestinal Tract Organs
Esophagus
1. Its only function is propulsion
Alimentary canal
2. A continuous digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Pharynx
3. Conducts both air and food
Small intestine
4. Primary site of nutrient absorption; is composed of 3 sections
Duodenum
5. Section of small intestine that receives bile, pancreatic secretions, and food from the stomach
Stomach
6. Churns food and begins protein digestion
Anus
7. Has two sphincters that control elimination of feces from the body
Stomach
8. Has regions called the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
Large intestine
9. Has regions called the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Mouth
10. Receives secretions from salivary glands; mastication occurs here
C. Digestive Organ Structures
Villi
1. Finger-like extensions increasing surface area in the small intestine
Rugae
2. Folds in the gastric mucosa
Circular folds
3. Permanent deep ridges in the small intestine mucosa
Pyloric sphincter
4. Sphincter valve between the stomach and duodenum
Parietal peritoneum
5. Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall
Visceral peritoneum
6. Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs
Ileocecal sphincter
7. Sphincter that connects the small and large intestine
Saliva
8. Fluid that begins digestion of carbohydrates
Hard palate
9. Bony plate between the mouth and nose
Microvilli
10. Forms a brush border; extension of epithelial cells
Epiglottis
11. Keeps food and fluids from going up into the nasopharynx
Gums
12. Area between the lips and teeth
carida
13. Region of the stomach where the lower esophageal sphincter meets the stomach
Large intestine
14. Has regions called ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Pylorus
15. Narrowed region of the stomach before the small intestine
Haustra
16. A series of gathered pouches in the large intestine
D. Accessory Digestive Organs and the Peritoneum
Teeth
1. Mechanically breaks up food during mastication
Pancreas
2. Secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Sublingual
3. Salivary glands located under the tongue with ducts that open in the floor of mouth
Liver
4. Produces and secretes bile into ducts
Mesentery
5. Peritoneal membrane that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Pancreas
6. The secretions of this gland join with bile to enter the duodenum
Falciform ligament
7. Peritoneal fold that holds the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
Tongue
8. Manipulates food in mastication
Greater omentum
9. Fatty, large fold of peritoneum covering the transverse colon and small intestine
Parotid glands
10. Largest salivary glands whose ducts open by the upper second molars
Gallbladder
11. Stores and secretes bile into the duodenum
Lesser omentum
12. Peritoneal membrane that attaches the stomach and duodenum to the liver
Submandibular
13. Salivary glands whose ducts open lateral to the lingual frenulum
14. Trace bile from its secretion to the gallbladder for storage and concentration, and then to the duodenum, listing the structures in order, using Figure 34.10.
• (a)hepatocytes
• (bhepatic portal vein
• (chepatic artery
• (dsinusoids
• (e central vein
• (fhepatic vein
• (g)gallbladder
• (hinferior vena cava
• (ibile canaliculi
• (jbile ducts
• (k)duodenum
EXERCISE 34: Using Your Knowledge
A. Digestive System Structure
1. The sensation of burning is caused by HCL reflux from the stomach. The acid eats away and destroy the mucosal lining and the blood vessels, causing bleeding.
2. When it’s removed, bile made by the liver can no longer be stored between meals.
3. Cardiac sphincter
4. Central vein
5. Folds
6. Gums
7. Transverse colon
8. Ascending colon
9. Duodenum
10. Descending colon [Show Less]