BIOS 252 Midterm Review
Definitions:
1. Origin: the attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone.
2. Insertion: the attachment of the
... [Show More] muscle’s other tendon to the moveable bone
3. Sarcomere: the basic functional units of myofibril. It extends from one Z disc to the next Z disc.
4. Sarcolemma: the plasma membrane of a muscle cell. Where transverse tubules (t-tubule) are attached to it and go to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
5. A band: darker middle part of the sarcomere.
6. I band: a lighter, less dense area that contains the rest of the thin filaments but not thick filaments, and a Z disc passes through the center of each I band
7. T-Tubules: open to the outside of the fiber, they are filled with interstitial fluid.
8. Elasticity: the ability of muscular tissue to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension.
9. Extensibility: the ability of muscular tissue to stretch, within limits, without being damaged.
10. Contractility: the ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated by an action potential.
11. Electrical Excitability: ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials.
12. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: a fluid-filled system of membranous sacs encircles each myofibril.
13. Graded potential: used for short-distance communication only
14. Spatial summation: summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at different locations in the membrane of a postsynaptic cell at the same time.
15. Temporal summation: summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at the same location in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell but at different times.
16. Agonist: an agent that binds to receptors and enhances or mimics the effect of a natural neurotransmitter.
17. Antagonist: an agent that binds to and blocks neurotransmitter receptors
18. Synergist: contract and stabilize the intermediate joints, to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints or to otherwise aid the movement of the prime mover.
Chapter 10:
1. Comparison of different muscle tissue types (identification, location, voluntary or involuntary) [Show Less]