BIOS 242 Week 6 iLab: Specific Immunity
BIOS 242 Week 6 iLab
BIOS 242
BIOS 242 Week 6
BIOS 242 Week 6 iLab: Specific Immunity
SPECIFIC
... [Show More] IMMUNITY
Introduction
This lab experiment was done to see if there were any pathogens in the watermelon that a student ate after it falling in the barn. My case study involved students being at a barn and everyone enjoying and playing games. One of the students dropped his slice of watermelon in the barn. He picked it up, and simply just rinsed it off and proceeded to eat it. The sponsor knew the watermelon would be harmful, so took the slice and put it in a plastic bag and taken to the lab. The results of that stain were that it had gram negative rods.
Procedure
You will conduct four biochemical tests (Acid from Glucose, Gas from Glucose, Lactose Fermentation, Indole Production, Lysine decarboxylase, and Malonate Utilization) on your unknown bacterium sample. You may have noted that you have conducted several of these tests in previous weeks.
Conduct Acid from Glucose and Gas from Glucose Tests:
1. Click the New Unknown button and type SpecificImmunity in the “Enter a Label” field. Select Specific Immunity from the Subgroup dropdown menu.
2. Click the box allowing autoinoculation. Click OK.
3. Record your case study. iLab: Specific Immunity Page 3
4. Record the results of the Gram Stain.
5. Open the Acid from Glucose Test from the Biochemical Tests Reference Book. Review the steps of this test and determination of test results. NOTE: You have conducted both of these tests in a previous week’s experiment.
6. Select Phenol Red Glucose Broth Durham Tube as your medium. Label the medium: PhenolRedGlucose. Click OK.
7. Inoculate your medium. Place in 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
8. Retrieve sample from incubator. Observe and record the results for Acid from Glucose and Gas from Glucose tests.
Conduct Lactose Fermentation Test:
1. Open the Lactose Fermentation Test from the Biochemical Tests Reference book. Review the steps of the test and determination of test results. NOTE: You have conducted both of these tests in a previous week’s experiment.
2. From the Media dropdown menu, select Phenol Red Lactose Broth.
3. Enter PhenolRedLactose in the Medium Label window to label your sample. Click OK.
4. Inoculate your medium. Place in 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
5. Retrieve sample from incubator. Observe and record results.
Conduct Lactose Fermentation Test:
1. Open the Indole Production Test from the Biochemical Tests Reference Book. Review the steps of this test, including that you will add Kovac’s reagent after incubating the inoculated culture for one day. Make note of how you will determine the results of this test. NOTE: You have conducted this test in a previous week’s experiment.
2. Select Tryptone Broth as your medium. Label the medium: IndoleTryptone. Click OK.
3. Inoculate your medium. Place in 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
4. Retrieve sample from incubator. To add Kovac’s reagent, select the dropper tool. Note that you can now select a Reagent (this field is now active). Select Kovacs Reagent.
5. Right click on your culture. Remove caps.
6. Place dropper above the tube opening and click your mouse. A window will open that says, Reagent Kovacs successfully added. Click OK. Note any changes in the appearance of your sample. iLab: Specific Immunity Page 4
7. Observe and record the results.
Conduct Lysine Decarboxylase Test:
1. Open the Lysine decarboxylase Test from the Biochemical Tests Reference Book. Review the steps of this test, including that you will record results after 24 and 48 hours. Make note of how you will determine the results of this test.
2. Select Lysine decarboxylase Broth as your medium. Label the medium: LysineD. Click OK.
3. Inoculate your medium. Place in 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
4. Retrieve sample from incubator. Note color of medium. Return your inoculated sample to the 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
5. Retrieve sample from incubator. Observe and record results. NOTE: To accurately interpret the results of this biochemical test, you must incubate for a total of 48 hours. A change from yellow back to purple at 48 hours indicates a positive result.
Conduct Malonate Utilization Test:
1. Open the Malonate Utilization Test from the Biochemical Tests Reference Book. Review the steps of this test. NOTE: You have conducted this test in a previous week’s experiment.
2. Select Malonate Broth as your medium. Label the medium: Malonate. Click OK.
3. Inoculate your medium. Place in 37 degree incubator. Click Next Day.
4. Retrieve sample from incubator. Observe and record the results.
View Lab Report Results:
1. Select “Lab Report” from the View item on the top menu bar.
2. You can copy and paste the contents of this lab report to a Word document and save.
3. Note that the lab report records the results of each of the five tests that you conducted on your sample. The lab report identifies the number of bacteria that were eliminated after each test. You will want to include this information in your lab report.
4. Also note that you do not know the identity of the bacterium that caused the infection.
5. After you have recorded the information on the lab report, close the document.
Determine Identity of Bacterium:
1. Open the Identification Matrix from the View Command. You will find that only possible bacteria that remain after conducting this series of tests will be shown on the Identification Matrix. Make note of the possible bacteria that might cause this infection.
2. From the Unknown command, select Identify. From the drop down menu, select a bacterium that is likely the cause of the agent (based upon the information you have from your tests and by viewing the Identification Matrix).
3. Click OK. Then, click Yes, when the Confirm Identification Window opens. A window will open letting you know if you chose the correct bacterium.
4. Now, open up the Lab report. Under the Identification Information of the lab report, you will see the bacterium that you selected and the bacterium that was assigned. You will also want to record this information in your final lab report.
Observations and Results
Result + or - Appearance after Incubation
Gram Stain Neg N/A
Acid from Glucose Pos Color Change
Gas from Glucose Pos Bubble in tube
Lactose Fermentation Pos Color Change
Indole Production Pos Color change to red
Lysine Decarboxylase Pos Color change to trough out of the tube
Malonate Utilization Neg No change
Additional tests performed are listed below:
Result + or - Appearance after Incubation
Methyl Red Pos N/A
Oxidase Neg No change
Motility Pos Tube became cloudy
Lipase Pos Bacteria spread
Bacterium identified as: E. Coli
Discussion
Identify the bacterium – E. Coli.
Describe the expected immunological course of events during the infection, development of disease, and recovery of this patient, including the following information: -
1. T and B cells are white blood cell lymphocytes. They form in the bone marrow and they generate at a rapid rate because they travel to many parts of the lymphatic system.
2. T and B cells are the most effective cells in the body and they fight against bacteria and parasites. Some T cells help B cells make antibodies and T cells often fight cancer cells.
3. The five different types of antibodies are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE. They are used by the immune system to find and neutralize pathogens in the body.
4. The immune system is aware that this infection was present in the body before, so it can act quicker in reacting.
Conclusion
After doing all the lab tests, it resulted that the piece of watermelon had E. Coli. When the student dropped it in the barn, he wasn’t thinking that, there could have been fecal matter and he was just going to rinse it off and eat it. If he had eaten it, he would’ve gotten very sick. [Show Less]