carbohydrate
biomolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used to make energy (ATP)
ex) starch, glucose, fructose
lipid
biomolecule that is
... [Show More] fat; makes up the cell membrane with phospolipids, stores energy, and protects internal organs
ex) fats, oils, waxes
Brainpower
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protein
biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; made of amino acids; functions include growth, repair, and metabolic functions
ex) hemoglobin, enzymes
nucleic acids
biomolecule that stores genetic material, carry out daily functions, and make proteins in protein synthesis
ex)DNA, RNA
lysosome
organelle that carries out the digestive processes in a cell
rough ER
has ribosomes; makes proteins
smooth ER
detoxifies and makes lipids - has no attached ribosomes
golgi apparatus
sorts and distributes proteins
ribosomes
where proteins are made
binary fission
cell division the occurs in bacteria
result: 2 identical organisms (clones)
mitosis
cell division in somatic cells of multicelled organisms (nonsex cells) that occurs for growth and development
result: 2 cells with the same # of chromosomes as the parent cell
meiosis
cell division in gametes (sex cells); makes reproductive cells
result: 4 cells with half the # of chromosomes as the parent cell
plasma membrane
cell membrane composed of phospolipid molecules to serve as a boundary; semi-permeable
homeostasis
maintaining a balanced internal enviornment regarless of the external enviorment
passive transport
when substances pass across the membrane without requiring cellular energy
ex) osmosis
osmosis
the diffusion of water across a memebrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
active transport
when cell enegry is required for substances to pass across the plasma membrane - ATP needed
cellular respiration
the process of transferring stored energy from glucose to energy for the cell (ATP)
cellular respiration formula
C6 H12 06 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food (glucose)
photosynthesis formula
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 [Show Less]