BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER
2024-2025 NEWEST EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 200
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Describe a basic
... [Show More] enzymatic reaction: - ANSWER- S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER- Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER- -The process in which the Sun's
energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER- Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER- "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER- This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along
with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER- Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER- Process by which cells divide to form new
cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER- 46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER- Nondisjunction occurs
when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can form a
gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a chromosome (aka
monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER- Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one gene
usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER- during the production of gametes the two
copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from
each parent
What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER- Genes for different traits are
inherited independently of each other
What is DNA biotechnology and what are some issues? - ANSWER- Use of natural
biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by humans
Issues:
-People feel it goes against the laws of nature
-People worry about the safety of it
How can lack of genetic control lead to cancer? - ANSWER- When someone has
inherited an abnormal copy of a gene, their cells already start out with one mutation.
This makes it easier for enough mutations to build up for a cell to become cancer
G1 (Growth 1) - ANSWER- Cell volume doubles and organelles replicate
S phase (synthesis) - ANSWER- DNA is replicated
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER- -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER- atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER- on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness [Show Less]