What are proteins? - Polymers of amino acids covalently bonded through peptide bonds into a chain
What are the parts of an amino acid? - central carbon
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single hydrogen
carboxyl group
amino group
R-group {side chain}
What is the significance of the R-group {side chain}? - distinguishes one amino acid from another and dictates an amino acid's properties
What is an oligopeptide? - less than 50 amino acids
What is a polypeptide? - more than 50 amino acids
How are peptide bonds formed? Through what reaction? - condensation/dehydration
What is the beginning of a peptide chain? - N-Terminus (amino acid group)
What is the end of a peptide chain? - C-Terminus (carboxyl group)
Four levels of complexity or structural features of proteins? - Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is polymerization? - The process of making a polymer
What causes functional diversity of proteins? - shape or structure
reactivity of R-groups {side chains}
What is DNA's role with proteins? - Determines the primary structure
What is an example of a mutation of a protein and what does that mean? - Sickle Cell; won't allow the protein to carry out the function it is meant to have
What are covalent bonds? - strong bond; the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
What is an organic compound? - A compound that makes up the living part of something
What is an inorganic compound? - A compound that is nonliving
What is a compound? - Made up of 2 or more separate elements
What is a molecule? - made up of atoms, smallest particle in a chemical element or compound
What are the three atomic particles? - proton (+)
neutron (neutral)
electron (-)
What is an atom? - smallest unit of matter
What is the atomic number? - number of protons
What is the atomic mass - number of protons +neutrons
How do you know how many electrons are in an element? - same number as protons
What is matter? - Anything that has mass and takes up space (made of atoms)
How do you know when data is valid? - Can be repeated/tested multiple times with same results
How can something be included in science? - Can be observed by human senses by any human
What is an amino acid? - Monomer of proteins
What are the different domains from earliest to latest? - Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya
How do you write a scientific name? - 2 names
Genus: always capitalized
Specific Epithet: always lower case
Underlined words if written
Italicized words if typed
What are the types of chemical reactions delineated by building larger molecules or breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones? - Dehydration/Condensation: take away water, build bigger molecule
Hydrolysis: add water, splits molecule into smaller ones [Show Less]