Aristotles central claims: correct answers (1) species are fixed types, and (2) some species are higher. Aristotle and others proposed that species were
... [Show More] organized into a sequence based on increased size and complexity, with humans at the top
Lamarck's Theory of Evolution correct answers That species are not static but change through time.
Progressive in the sense of always producing larger and more complex, or "better," species.
The Great Chain of Being correct answers Aristotle and others proposed that species were organized into a sequence based on increased size and complexity, with humans at the top. (Picture on page 445)
Population correct answers A population consists of individuals of the same species that are living in the same area at the same time.
Population Thinking correct answers Darwin claimed that instead of being unimportant or an illusion, variation among individuals in a population was the key to understanding the nature of species. Biologists refer to this view as population thinking.
Why was Darwin and Wallace's Theory of Evolution by natural selection revolutionary? correct answers 1. It overturned the idea that species are static and unchanging.
2. It replaced typological thinking with population thinking.
3. It was scientific. It proposed a mechanism that could account for change through time and made predictions that could be tested through observation and experimentation.
Theory of evolution by natural selection: correct answers 1. Species change through time.
2. Species are related by common ancestry.
The theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that homologies will occur. If species were created independently of one another, as special creation claims, these types of similarities would not occur.
IS A TESTABLE THEORY!
Special Creation correct answers Species just were created from nothing. Religion based theory.
Darwin's opinion of extinction: correct answers Darwin, in contrast, interpreted extinct forms as evidence that species are not static, immutable entities, unchanged since the moment of special cre- ation. His reasoning was that if species have gone extinct, then the array of species living on Earth has changed through time.
[[Recent analyses of the fossil record suggest that over 99 per- cent of all the species that have ever lived are now extinct. ]]
Vestigial Traits correct answers Vestigial Traits Are Evidence of Change through Time
A reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function, or reduced function, but is clearly similar to functioning organs or structures in closely related species.
Example1: Some whales and snakes have tiny hip and leg bones that do not help them swim or slither.
Example2: Ostriches and kiwis have reduced wings and cannot fly.
Homology correct answers A similarity that exists in species because they inherited the trait from a common ancestor. Human hair and dog fur are homologous. Humans have hair and dogs have hair (fur) because they share a common ancestor—an early mammal species—that had hair.
3 types. [Show Less]