Learning Goal: Students should gain an appreciation for the Nature of Science and Scientific methods.
involves the use of control and experimental
... [Show More] data sets.
*a. Hypothesis-Based Science
b. Discovery-Based Science
Every fall and winter Ames appears to be taken over by crows at night. After many nights of observation, you conclude that the large roosting group is actually composed of many different groups of crows that disperse widely during the day. This process is best described as…
a. Hypothesis-Based Science
*b. Discovery-Based Science
After observing many types of organisms, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated that all known organisms are composed of cells. This statement and process can be best described as…
a. Hypothesis-Based Science
*b. Discovery-Based Science
After observing an abundance of microtubule spindle fibers being associated with the condensed chromosomes during metaphase you state, “Disrupting the assembly of the spindle fiber will disrupt the segregation of the chromosomes during anaphase”. This process can be described as…
*a. Hypothesis-Based Science
b. Discovery-Based Science
Learning Goals:
• Students should be able to state a hypothesis and then design experiments that test that hypothesis.
• If given a set of experimental observations, students should be able to describe the significance of these observations in the context of larger questions/concepts in biology. What concepts does this data inform?
Buffers are useful in biological systems as they help maintain pH homeostasis. Your hypothesis is that carbonic acid, H2CO3, a weak acid, will act as a buffer. How could you test this hypothesis? H2CO3
HCO3 + H+
a. Make a solution of carbonic acid and determine its pH.
*b. Make a solution of carbonic acid, determine the pH of the solution, add HCl, and measure the pH again.
c. None of these approaches will inform your hypothesis.
d. Pour HCl into your Coke and drink it. If carbonic acid is a buffer, you will be OK.
Buffers are useful in biological systems as they help maintain pH homeostasis. Your hypothesis is that carbonic acid, H2CO3, a weak acid, will act as a buffer. How could you test this hypothesis? H2CO3 HCO3 + H+
a. Make a solution of carbonic acid and determine its pH.
*b. Make a solution of carbonic acid, determine the pH of the solution, add NaOH, and measure the pH again.
c. None of these approaches will inform your hypothesis.
d. Pour HCl into your Coke and drink it. If carbonic acid is a buffer, you will be OK.
In questions A and B, Dr. Coffman is doing an experiment. In question A you were given a chemical formula and asked what type of molecule is represented by that formula. In question B you were shown a graphical representation of a biomolecule. Which of the following is a hypothesis that Dr. Coffman might have been testing?
a. Chemical formulas are worthless.
b. What type of question can students answer more effectively?
*c. Students are more likely to recognize a biomolecule when shown a graphic representation of the structure.
d. The ability of a student to get the correct answer depends upon how much they study.
Hemochromatosis is quite common in Caucasian populations. It is a condition where the body absorbs more iron than it should. According to the National Institutes of Health it is the most common genetic disorder in the US, affecting about 1/200-1/300
individuals. Considering that it is a recessive trait, 1/8-1/12 Caucasians is a carrier. There are two known mutations in the HFE gene that are associated with the condition. You decide to test the hypothesis that you are a carrier of the HFE C282Y mutation, amino acid
282 is changed from a cysteine (C) to a tyrosine (Y). Which of the following will allow you to test your hypothesis?
a. Take lots of iron supplements and see if you get sick.
b. Take a blood sample and see if it has more iron content than normal.
c. Perform genotype analyses on both your mother and father, who are both asymptomatic.
*d. None of the above.
Chemistry of Life
Learning Goal: Students should be able to describe the properties of an atom.
What do the four elements most abundant in living things - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen - have in common?
a. They all have the same number of valence electrons.
b. Each element exists in only one isotopic form.
c. They are equal in electronegativity.
d. They are elements produced only by living cells.
*e. They all have at least one unpaired electron in their valence shells.
Which atom symbolized in the illustration, in which the large black dots represent nuclei and the small dots represent electrons in electron shells, shows the electron configuration of carbon?
*a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
Which atom symbolized in the illustration, in which the large black dots represent the nuclei and the small dots represent electrons in electron shells, depicts an atom that is chemically unreactive, unlikely to form bonds with another atom?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
*e. E
Which atom symbolized in the illustration, in which the large black dots represent the nuclei and the small dots represent electrons in electron shells, depicts an atom with a valence of 2, meaning it can
form two covalent bonds?
a. A
b. B
*c. C
d. D
e. E
Changing the number of neutrons forms ions of the same element.
a. True
*b. False
Changing the number of protons forms ions of the same element.
a. True
*b. False
The four most abundant elements in living things are…
a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
*d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
e. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
An element that is relatively more abundant in living things than in the atmosphere or water that surrounds them is
*a. Carbon
b. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen
d. Nitrogen
e. All of the above are correct.
Changing the number of electrons forms ions of the same element.
*a. True
b. False
What do the four elements most abundant in living things - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen - have in common?
a. They all have the same number of valence electrons.
b. Each element exists in only one isotopic form.
c. They are equal in electronegativity.
d. They are elements produced only by living cells.
*e. They all have at least one unpaired electron in their valence shells.
An α particle is a helium atom that has had the electrons
removed. Helium’s atomic number is 2 and its mass is 4.0026 daltons. What is the net charge of an alpha particle?
*a. +2
b. +1
c. 0
d. -1
e. -2
The reactive properties or chemical behavior of an atom depend on the number of
a. valence shells in the atom.
b. orbitals found in the atom.
c. electrons in each orbital of the atom.
*d. electrons in the outer valence shell in the atom.
Learning Goal: If given a set of experimental observations, students should be able to describe the significance of these observations in the context of larger questions/concepts in biology.
The figure and data shown above are from Ernest Rutherford’s a particle gold foil experiments.
Given the data, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
a. Atoms in gold foil are composed of diffuse, evenly distributed positive charges.
b. Atoms in gold foil are composed of diffuse, evenly distributed negative charges.
*c. Most of the volume of an atom is empty space.
d. Alpha particles do not carry a charge.
Learning Goal: Students should be able to deduce the relative sizes of atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, etc.
Rank the following structures by their size from SMALLEST TO LARGEST: condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide.
a. carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide, condensed chromosome 13, nucleus
b. insulin, carbon atom, nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide
c. condensed chromosome 13, carbon atom, nucleotide, nucleus, insulin
*d. carbon atom, nucleotide, insulin, condensed chromosome 13, nucleus
e. carbon atom, nucleotide, condensed chromosome 13, insulin, nucleus
Rank the following structures by their size from LARGEST TO SMALLEST: condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, insulin, nucleotide.
a. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide, insulin, carbon atom
b. insulin, carbon atom, nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, nucleotide
c. condensed chromosome 13, nucleus, carbon atom, nucleotide, insulin
d. nucleus, nucleotide, insulin, condensed chromosome 13, carbon atom
*e. nucleus, condensed chromosome 13, insulin, nucleotide, carbon atom
Which answer below places molecules or subcellular structures in the correct order by size, from smallest to largest?
*a. amino acid, phospholipid, mitochondria
b. water, polysaccharide, glucose
c. ATP, water, mitochondria
d. ribosome, ATP, phospholipids
e. ribosome, glucose, mitochondria
Learning Goal: Students should be able to identify and distinguish between carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement?
a. Carbon bonds are stable at the different temperatures associated with life
b. Organic compounds may contain functional groups
c. Organic molecules may occur in various shapes. The structure of molecules determine their functions
*d. Organic chemistry is the science of studying Hydrogen-containing molecules, which are found in living organisms
The molecular formula C10H14O7N5P is for a biomolecule that can be described as a
a. Carbohydrate
*b. Nucleic Acid
c. Fatty Acid
d. Amino Acid
The molecular formula C6H15O2N is for a biomolecule that can be described as a
a. Carbohydrate
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Fatty Acid
*d. Amino Acid
The molecular formula C18H28O14 is for a biomolecule that can be described as a
*a. Carbohydrate
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Fatty Acid
d. Amino Acid
All of this molecule's atoms are shown except some carbons (those at the places where two covalent bond lines meet) and the hydrogens bonded to those carbons. This molecule is best classified as a
a. carbohydrate
b. polymer
*c. lipid
d. nucleotide
e. pyrimidine
The molecular formula C18H32O2 is for a biomolecule that can be described as a
a. Carbohydrate
b. Nucleic Acid
*c. Fatty Acid
d. Amino Acid
Cn(H2O)n is a ration of elements found in which major macromolecule:
a. Lipids
b. DNA
c. Proteins
*d. Carbohydrates
Which of the structures shown above is a component of a nucleotide?
a. A
b. B
*c. C
d. D
The above figure shows the chemical structures of common biological macromolecules, labeled A-D.
Which of the structures shown above is an amino acid?
*a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D [Show Less]