BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three main components of carbohydrates? – ANSWER Carbohydrates are
... [Show More] composed
of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11
(sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose).
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - ANSWEREukaryotic
cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic
material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria
or Archaea.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - ANSWERBacteria can be described as coccus
(round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh
conditions? - ANSWERArchaea. They are able to survive in extremely harsh environmental
conditions such as high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor
conditions.
What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ANSWEREukaryotic microorganisms are
classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista.
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ANSWERNo. Viruses are
considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not considered living and do not
replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host.
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - ANSWERThe cell membrane is a
bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar
hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region.
The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar tail groups face inward thus
orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both outside and inside of the cell.
What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of
each. - ANSWERRibosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein
modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) and
chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).
Microbiology is the study of what? – ANSWER Microbiology is the study of microbes
(microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life – ANSWER cell
What is a macromolecule? – ANSWER A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is
composed from smaller subunits.
What are the four main types of macromolecules? – ANSWER Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and
carbohydrates
What various functions do proteins have in a cell – ANSWER Proteins may facilitate the movement
of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical
processes. Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable
movement.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? – ANSWER There are two major
types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are
chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of
hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms.
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize
proteins. [Show Less]